ROMAN Buses and Trucks Romania

http://myntransportblog.com/2014/09/16/buses-rocar-dac-bucharest-romania-1951-2004/

http://myntransportblog.com/2014/01/26/buses-dac-romania/

That’s it

Buses ROCAR DAC Bucharest Romania 1951 – 2004

Rocar DAC  

Rocar DAC
Rocar DAC 112 UDM bus in Bucharest, in the 1996-2006 RATB livery. RATB was the main operator of such buses in the late 1980s and early 1990s, with over 500 buses and 100 trolleybuses. No Rocar DAC vehicle is still present in the RATB fleet.
Body and chassis
Doors	1 to 3 doors
Floor type	step entrance

A Rocar 117 UD bus in Târgu Jiu. It was built in 1996.

 A Rocar 212E trolleybus in Suceava

Rocar DAC was a series of buses and trolleybuses produced by the Autobuzul (later Rocar) company of Bucharest, Romania, between 1979 and 2000. They were available in both standard (non-articulated), 12-meter models and articulated, 17-meter models.

For much of the 1980s and early 1990s, these buses and trolleybuses were the backbone of the urban transportation network of Romania since, throughout the 1980s, public transportation companies were not allowed to import any type of vehicle.

The buses were designed and built in a period of severe shortages, the main emphasis being put on economizing material usage and simplicity of the design. Most buses of this type did not have power or assisted steering, and only a small number of buses, built in the early part of the project (1979-1982) employed automatic gearboxes. The passenger area was also very spartan, having no interior sound or display systems, seats being built out of plywood, light fixtures being 6-8 small 12-volt light bulbs providing insufficient lighting.

During the late 1980s, some were converted to run on methane gas, by installing two or three gas tanks on the roofs. After the fall of the communist regime, the buses were converted back to diesel. DAC buses were equipped with Hungarian RABA-MAN engines, or with Romanian IABv engines capable of 192 horse power DIN and a 4 or 6 gears gear box for a maximum speed of 65 km/h.

In 1996, Rocar began replacing the model line-up with the new Rocar De Simon range that was produced until the bankruptcy of the company in 2003 (however, Dac 112 UDM buses were built until 2000). Most Rocar DAC buses have been withdrawn from service, and replaced with more modern buses. However, some survive with smaller transport companies, on some rural services and in small towns. Trolleybuses, on the other hand, have fared better, because of the higher purchasing cost and lower wear-and-tear, and are still a common site in cities such as Cluj or Kiev.

Models Buses

• DAC 112 UDM – the standard 12-meter model, used for urban or suburban routes. This was the base model for all later designs. Available with two or three doors. Built between 1982 and 2000.

• DAC 117 UD – the articulated, 17-meter model. Available with two or four doors. Built between 1979 and 1998.

• DAC UDAN 2002 – an attempt at modernizing the DAC 112 UDM by replacing the engine and transmission of the DAC 112 UDM with an Euro 2 compliant model, as well as modernizing the bodywork. Only two were built before the project was deemed unsuccessful. Both are currently operated by RATB.

Trolleybuses

• DAC 112 E – Standard trolleybus, powered by one 115 kW direct current motor.

• DAC 212 E – Standard trolleybus, powered by one 125 kW direct current motor. Outfitted with an electronic command system for its contactors.

• DAC 212 ECS – Same as DAC 212 E, but using a chopper system as a speed control. ECS stands for Electric Chopper System.

• DAC 117 E(A) – Articulated trolleybus, powered by one 115 kW direct current motor. Although some operators called these vehicles DAC 117 EA (with A form ‘articulated’; some also called the articulated buses ‘DAC 117 UDA’), all the VIN plates of these vehicles shows the correct name (without the ‘A’).

• DAC 217 E – Articulated trolleybus, powered by one 125 kW direct current motor. The most common model, with electronic command of the contactors
• DAC 317 ETS – Same with DAC 217 E, but with the motor controlled by thyristors. ETS stands for Electric Thyristor System.

• DAC 318 ET Tandem – Articulated trolleybus, powered by two DC motors, working in tandem. Only one prototype was built.

http://myntransportblog.com/2014/01/26/buses-dac-romania/

http://myntransportblog.com/2014/01/22/buses-bodybuilders-de-simon-osoppo-udine-italy/

1993 United Nations Cocar fieldambulance hospital in Mogadishu

Rocar Ambulance

Rocar 106r

Rocar 108r

Rocar 108

Rocar 109rdm

Rocar 109

Rocar 111rdt

Rocar 111udf

Rocar 112rdtld

Rocar 112rdtld

Rocar 122ud

Rocar 118

Rocar 122ud

Rocar 207t

Rocar 207t

Rocar 211r

Rocar 211ud

Rocar 318et tandem

Rocar 318et tandem

Rocar 318et tandem

Rocar 412u

Rocar 412u

Rocar 812u

Rocar 812u

Rocar minibus

Rocar-MTD-front-view-romaniancar

Rocar-MTD-classic

That’s it

RENAULT Buses, Cars and Trucks France Part VII Restructuring (1981–1995)

RENAULT

Buses, Cars and Trucks France

Part VII – Restructuring (1981–1995)

1981

1982

1983

1983 Renault 25

1984

1985

Although its cars were somewhat successful both on the road and on the track, including the 1984 launch of the Espace – Europe’s first multi-purpose vehicle – Renault was losing a billion francs a month and reported a deficit of 12.5 billion in 1984. The government intervened and Georges Besse was installed as chairman; he set about cutting costs dramatically, selling off many of Renault’s non-core assets (including a minority Volvo stake, Gitane, Eurocar and Renix), withdrawing almost entirely from motorsports, and laying off many employees. This succeeded in halving the deficit by 1986, but he was murdered by the communist terrorist group Action Directe in November 1986. He was replaced by Raymond Lévy, who continued along the same lines as Besse, slimming down the company considerably with the result that by the end of 1987 it was more or less financially stable.

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

In 1990 Renault strengthened its collaboration with Volvo by signing an agreement which allowed both companies to reduce vehicle conception costs and purchasing expenses. Renault had access to Volvo expertise in upper market segments and in return Volvo could take advantage of Renault designs for low and medium segments. In 1993 the two companies announced their intention to merge operations by 1 January 1994 and both increased their cross-shareholding. While in France the idea of merging was reluctantly accepted, in Sweden the opposition was outspoken and the Volvo shareholders rejected it.

1992

1993

1994

A revitalised Renault launched several successful new cars in the early 1990s, including the 5 replacement, the Clio in 1990. The Clio is the first new model of a generation which will see the numeric models replaced by new cars with traditional nameplates. Other important launches included the second-generation Espace and the innovative Twingo in 1992. The launches were aligned with an improved marketing effort on European markets. In the mid-1990s the successor to the R19, the Renault Mégane, was one of the first cars to achieve a 4-star rating, the highest at the time, in EuroNCAP crash test in passenger safety.

1995

That was

Part VII – Restructuring (1981–1995)

only one left

Part IX

till now

motor(cycles), cars, trucks, buses, MINERVA Antwerp Belgium IMPERIA

Minerva 

motor(cycles)

cars

trucks

buses

Société Anonyme Minerva Motors

Industry	automobiles
Fate	dissolved
Founded	Antwerp, Belgium (1900)
Founder(s)	Sylvain de Jong
Defunct	1956
Products	bicycles, motorcycles, automobiles, Buses,

The Minerva was a prominent Belgian luxury automobile manufactured from 1902 until 1938. The company became defunct in 1956.

 History

In 1883, a young Dutchman, Sylvain de Jong (1868–1928) settled in Antwerp, Belgium.

Bicycles and motorcycles

A man on a Minerva motorized bicycle in Australia near the turn of the 20th century, by Alice Manfield

1902 Minerva 211 cc

1903 Romania 1¾ pk (Minerva)

1908 Minerva 432 cc (8 pk) zijklepper

1910 Minerva motorcycle

Small Minerva later BSA

Minerva started out manufacturing standard safety bicycles in 1897, before in 1900 expanding into light cars and “motocyclettes”, particularly motorized bicycles which were a forerunner of motorcycles.

They produced lightweight clip-on engines that mounted below the bicycle front down tube, specifically for Minerva bicycles, but also available in kit form suitable for almost any bicycle. The engine drove a belt turning a large gear wheel attached to the side of the rear wheel opposite to the chain. By 1901 the kit engine was a 211cc unit developing 1.5 hp, comfortably cruising at 30 km/h (19 mph) at 1,500 rpm, capable of a top speed of 50 km/h (31 mph), and getting fuel consumption in the range of 3 L/100 km (94 mpg_-imp; 78 mpg_-US). These kits were exported around the world to countries including the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Australia, and other British territories of the time.

As engine power increased, frame ruptures became increasingly common, and by 1903 Minerva had developed an in-frame design for their bicycles, with the engine mounted above the bottom bracket, while still also offering the clip-on kit. From 1904 Minerva began focussing more on car production, and while development and production of the Minerva motorized bicycles and motorcycles continued through to about 1909, they increasingly became a less significant part of the company.

Minerva engines exported to the UK powered the very first Triumph, among others. Motorcycle production would continue until 1909 or 1914, and during this period Minerva became one of the world’s premier names in motorcycles and motorcycle engines. (For instance Chater-Lea produced Minerva-engines in the UK.)

Automobiles

In 1902 De Jong added cars to his production as well with a 6 hp four-cylinder model. In 1903 he founded Société Anonyme Minerva Motors in Berchem (Antwerp). Volume car production began in 1904 with a range of two-, three- and four-cylinder models with chain drive and metal clad wooden chassis and the Minervette cyclecar. The 8-litre Kaiserpreis won the Belgian Circuit des Ardennes race in 1907.

1931 Minerva 8 AL Rollston Convertible Sedan

Charles S Rolls (of future Rolls-Royce fame) was a Minerva dealer in England selling the 2.9-litre 14 hp (10 kW). The most important market for the manufacturer remained England, where at £105 the small 636 cc single-cylinder Minervette was the cheapest car on the market, followed by the Netherlands and France.

In 1908, Minerva obtained a worldwide Knight Engine license. The Knight motor, developed by Charles Yale Knight in the United States, used double sleeve valves and ran almost silently. All future Minervas would use these engines. Sporting successes continued with the new engines including the Austrian Alpine Trials and Swedish Winter Trials. Customers for the Minerva would include kings of Belgium, Sweden and Norway, Henry Ford and the Impressionist Artist Anna Boch.

During World War I Sylvain de Jong and his engineers were based in Amsterdam where they maintained development of their automobiles. Minerva cars were used for hit and run attacks against the Germans initially with rifle fire and light machine guns from simply protected open topped vehicles. These vehicles became increasingly sophisticated until trench warfare robbed them of the mobility needed for their hit and run tactics.

1937 Imperia Minerva AP 22 CV limousine

In 1920, they returned to Belgium to restart the production of luxury cars with the 20CV 3.6-litre four-cylinder and 30CV 5.3-litre six-cylinder models.^[7]The manufacturer’s star rose not only in Europe, but in the United States as well where American film stars, politicians and industrialists appreciated the cars. The Minerva had the same quality as the Rolls-Royce, but was slightly less expensive. In 1923, smaller models were introduced; the 2-litre four-cylinder 15CV and 3.4-litre six-cylinder 20CV with standard four-wheel brakes. In 1927, the 30CV was replaced with the 6-litre AK and also a new 2-litre six, the 12-14, was introduced. Large cars continued to be a specialty of Minerva’s, and in 1930 the then almost-compulsory-for-the-time straight eight was introduced in two sizes; the 6.6-litre AL and the 4-litre AP. The last Minerva was the 2-litre M4 of 1934 but it did not sell well.

With the financial crisis in the 1930s, the company was restructured as Société Nouvelle Minerva but in 1934 merged with the other major Belgian constructor Imperia. Imperia continued to make Minervas for a year and the AP until 1938 and from 1937 badged some of their cars and trucks for export to England and France as Minerva-Imperias. Just before the outbreak of the war, a group of businessmen from Verviers bought out Minerva.

1952 Minerva Land Rover. Note the sloping front faces to the wings

After World War II the company produced a version of the Land Rover under license for the Belgian army up to 1953. There were plans to re-enter the car market but these did not get beyond the prototype stage. The company struggled for survival and made the Continental-engined Land Rover-like C20 until 1956.

That’s it.

Buses DAC Romania

Buses DAC Romania

DAC Logo

 Today we travel to Roemenia. It was a complicatet search for DAC, because ROCAR, Autobuzul, ROMAN, Rohan, TAM, TV and lots of other marks were made in Roemenia. Some were made in association with MAN Germany.

The Buses I’ll show are not only made under the name DAC, will come back in later chapters. First they were made by Autobuzul, and that’s called ROCAR Nowadays.

Autobuz TV2

Autobuz TV2

DAC

Autobuz TV2

Autobuz DAC 117 UD în Târgu-Jiu

Autobuz Rocar 117 UD în Piteşti

Autobuzul Boekarest Roemenië

Bedford Bus PUM-575 DAC 1963

dac 112 udm 5 228

DAC 112 UDM Gas en Diesel Timisuara

DAC 112 UDM Gas en Diesel

DAC 112 UDM

 dac 112e 117 Trolleybus Zie ook duits MAN

Dac 112e Trolleybus (MAN)

Dac 112e-2

Dac 112em-1

Dac 112udm-1

Dac 112udm-2

Dac 112udm-3

Dac 112udm-4

Dac 112udm-5

Dac 117ud-1

Dac 117ud-2

Dac 117ud-3

DAC 1301

Dac 117ud-6

Dac gpl-3 udan 2002

DAC Traveller

 

DAC-deSimon-Jun 1982 JC Nice

Kolozsvari trolibusz DAC

 roman-rocar-dac-109-udm-03

 

Trolleybus DAC

 Filed Under: Autobuzul, BUSES, DAC, ROCAR, Romania