PININFARINA Italian design house and coachbuilder

Pininfarina

Pininfarina S.p.A.

Type	Società per Azioni
Traded as	BIT: PINF
Industry	Automotive
Founded	Torino, Italy (May 23, 1930)
Founder	Battista Farina
Headquarters	Cambiano, Italy
Key people	Paolo Pininfarina, Chairman Silvio Angori, CEO Gianfranco Albertini, CFO
Services	Automotive design
Net income	€32.9 million (2012)
Number of employees	821 (2012)
Parent	Mahindra Group (76.06%)
Website	www.pininfarina.com

Pininfarina Design Center

Pin­in­fa­rina S.p.A. (short for Carozze­ria Pin­in­fa­rina) is an Ital­ian car de­sign firm and coach­builder in Cam­biano, Italy. It was founded by Bat­tista ”Pinin” Fa­rina in 1930.On De­cem­ber 14, 2015, Mahin­dra Group, ac­quired Pin­in­fa­rina S.p.A. in a deal worth about 168 mil­lion euros ($185 million).

Pin­in­fa­rina is em­ployed by a wide va­ri­ety of au­to­mo­bile man­u­fac­tures to de­sign ve­hi­cles. These firms have in­cluded long-es­tab­lished cus­tomers such as Fer­rari, Alfa Romeo, Peu­geot, FIAT, GM, Lan­cia, and Maserati, to emerg­ing com­pa­nies in the Asian mar­ket with Chi­nese man­u­fac­tures like AviChina, Chery, Changfeng, Bril­liance, and JAC and Ko­rean man­u­fac­tur­ers Dae­woo and Hyundai.

Since the 1980s Pin­in­fa­rina has also de­signed high-speed trains, buses, trams, rolling stocks, au­to­mated light rail cars, peo­ple movers, yachts, air­planes, and pri­vate jets. With the 1986 cre­ation of Pin­in­fa­rina Extra they have con­sulted on in­dus­trial de­sign, in­te­rior de­sign, ar­chi­tec­ture, and graphic design.

Pin­in­fa­rina was run by Bat­tista’s son Ser­gio Pin­in­fa­rina until 2001, then his grand­son An­drea Pin­in­fa­rina until his death in 2008. After An­drea’s death his younger brother Paolo Pin­in­fa­rina was ap­pointed as CEO.

At its height in 2006 the Pin­in­fa­rina Group em­ployed 2,768 with sub­sidiary com­pany of­fices through­out Eu­rope, as well as in Mo­rocco and the United States. As of 2012 with the end of se­ries au­to­mo­tive pro­duc­tion, em­ploy­ment has shrunk to 821. Pin­in­fa­rina is reg­is­tered and pub­licly traded on the Borsa Ital­iana (Milan Stock Exchange).

On De­cem­ber 14, 2015, Mahin­dra Group, an­nounced a deal to ac­quire Pin­in­fa­rina S.p.A. in a deal worth about 168 mil­lion euros ($185 million).

History

The days as a specialist coachbuilder

When au­to­mo­bile de­signer and builder Bat­tista ”Pinin” Fa­rina broke away from his brother’s coach build­ing firm, Sta­bil­i­menti Fa­rina, in 1928 he founded “Car­rozze­ria Pinin Fa­rina” with fi­nan­cial help from his wife’s fam­ily and Vin­cenzo Lan­cia. That first year the firm em­ployed eigh­teen and built 50 au­to­mo­bile bodies.

On May 22, 1930 pa­pers were filed to be­come a cor­po­ra­tion, So­cietà anon­ima Car­rozze­ria Pinin Farina head­quar­tered in Turin, Italy, at 107 Corso Trapani. Dur­ing the 1930s, the com­pany built bod­ies for Lan­cia, Alfa Romeo, Isotta-Fras­chini, His­pano Suiza, Fiat, Cadil­lac, and Rolls-Royce. With its close re­la­tion­ship with Lan­cia, the pi­o­neer of the mono­coque in au­to­mo­bile de­sign, Pin­in­fa­rina be­came the first coach­builder to build bod­ies for the new tech­nique also known as uni­body con­struc­tion. This de­vel­op­ment hap­pened in the mid-1930s when oth­ers saw the frame­less con­struc­tion as the end of the in­de­pen­dent coachbilder.

In 1939, World War II ended au­to­mo­bile pro­duc­tion, but the com­pany had 400 em­ploy­ees build­ing 150 bod­ies a month. The war ef­fort against the Al­lies brought work mak­ing am­bu­lances and search­light carriages. The Pin­in­fa­rina fac­tory was de­stroyed by Al­lied bombers end­ing the firm’s operations.

After World War II

Cisitalia 202 – Museo Torino

Nash-Healey roadster

1987 Cadillac Allanté

After the war, Italy was banned from the 1946 Paris Motor Show. The Paris show was at­tended by 809,000 vis­i­tors (twice the pre-war fig­ure), lines of peo­ple stretched from the main gate all the way to the Seine. Pinin Fa­rina and his son Ser­gio, de­ter­mined to defy the ban, drove two of their cars – an Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 S and a Lan­cia Aprilia cabri­o­let – from Turin to Paris, and found a place at the en­trance to the ex­hi­bi­tion to dis­play the two new cre­ations. The man­agers of the Grand Palais said of the dis­play, “the devil Pin­in­fa­rina”, but to the press and the pub­lic it was the suc­cess­ful “Turin coach­builder’s anti-salon”.

At the end of 1945 the Cisi­talia 202 Coupé was de­signed. An el­e­gantly pro­por­tioned de­sign with a low hood, it is the car that usu­ally is given credit for es­tab­lish­ing Pin­in­fa­rina’s reputation. The Pin­in­fa­rina de­sign was hon­ored in the Mu­seum of Mod­ern Art’s land­mark pre­sen­ta­tion “Eight Au­to­mo­biles” in 1951. A total of 170 Coupés where pro­duced by Pininfarina.

The pub­lic­ity of the Mu­seum of Mod­ern Art ex­hibit brought Pin­in­fa­rina to the at­ten­tion of Nash-Kelv­ina­tor man­agers. The sub­se­quent co­op­er­a­tion with Nash Mo­tors re­sulted in high-vol­ume pro­duc­tion of Pin­in­fa­rina de­signs and pro­vided a major entry into the United States mar­ket. In 1952, Mr. Fa­rina vis­ited the U.S. for the un­veil­ing of his de­sign for the Nash Am­bas­sador and States­man lines, which, al­though they did carry some de­tails of Pin­in­fa­rina’s de­sign, were largely de­signed by Nash’s then-new in-house styling staff when the orig­i­nal Fa­rina-de­signed model proved un­suited to Amer­i­can tastes, ex­hibit­ing a pop­u­lar 1950s ap­pear­ance called “pon­ton“. The Nash-Healey sports car body was, how­ever, com­pletely de­signed and as­sem­bled in lim­ited num­bers from 1952 to 1954 at Pin­in­fa­rina’s Turin fa­cil­i­ties. Nash heav­ily ad­ver­tised its link to the fa­mous Ital­ian de­signer, much as Stude­baker pro­moted its long­time as­so­ci­a­tion with Ray­mond Loewy. As a re­sult of Nash’s $5 mil­lion ad­ver­tis­ing cam­paign, Pin­in­fa­rina be­came well known in the U.S.

Pin­in­fa­rina also built the bod­ies for the lim­ited-se­ries Cadil­lac El­do­rado Brougham for Gen­eral Mo­tors in 1959 and 1960, as­sem­bled them and sent them back to the U.S. There were 99 Broughams built in 1959 and 101 in 1960. A sim­i­lar arrange­ment was re­peated in the late 1980s when Pin­in­fa­rina de­signed (and par­tially as­sem­bled) the Cadil­lac Al­lanté at the San Giusto Canavese fac­tory. The car bod­ies were as­sem­bled and painted in Italy be­fore being flown from the Turin In­ter­na­tional Air­port to De­troit for final ve­hi­cle assembly.

The Ferrari partnership

It started in 1951 with a meet­ing at a restau­rant in Tor­tona, a small town halfway be­tween Turin and Mod­ena. This neu­tral ter­ri­tory was cho­sen be­cause nei­ther Pin­in­fa­rina nor Enzo Fer­rari wanted to meet at the other’s head­quar­ters. Pinin’s son, Ser­gio Pin­in­fa­rina re­called, “It is not dif­fi­cult to imag­ine how I felt that af­ter­noon when my fa­ther, with­out tak­ing his eyes off the road for one mo­ment told me his de­ci­sion as we drove back to Turin: “From now on you’ll be look­ing after Fer­rari, from A to Z. De­sign, en­gi­neer­ing, tech­nol­ogy, con­struc­tion—the lot!”—I was over the moon with hap­pi­ness.” “

Since that meet­ing the only road-go­ing pro­duc­tion Fer­raris not de­signed by Pin­in­fa­rina are the 1973 Dino 308 GT4 and 2013’s LaFerrari. Their re­la­tion­ship was so close that Pin­in­fa­rina be­came a part­ner of Fer­rari in “Scud­e­ria Fer­rari SpA SEFAC”, the or­ga­ni­za­tion that ran Fer­rari’s race team from 1961–1989, Pinin was a vice pres­i­dent of Ferrari, and Ser­gio later sat on Fer­rari’s board of directors.

The move to large-scale manufacturing

Paris – Mondial de l’automobile 2010 – Alfa Roméo Giulietta Spider

In 1954 to 1955 Pin­in­fa­rina pur­chased land in Grugliasco, out­side of Turin, for a new fac­tory. “The fac­tory in no way would look like the one of Corso Tra­pani. It would be a car no longer on my mea­sure­ments but on those of my chil­dren, built look­ing like them; I had this in mind and wanted it,” said Pininfarina.

Around the same time, Alfa Romeo ac­cepted Pin­in­fa­rina’s de­sign over Bertone for the new Giuli­etta Spi­der. The Alfa was the first ve­hi­cle that Pin­in­fa­rina pro­duced in large num­bers, in fact Alfa Romeo chose Pin­in­fa­rina to pro­duce the Spi­der in large part be­cause they felt con­fi­dent that they could pro­duce 20 cars a day for a run of 1,000 bod­ies. The Spi­der was a huge suc­cess for Alfa Romeo and Pin­in­fa­rina, Max Hoff­man the im­porter for the United States said he could sell as many as they could make. In 1956, the first year of pro­duc­tion, they pro­duced 1025 units which then ex­panded to over 4,000 in 1959 the first full year of the new Grugliasco factory.

Usine Pininfarina 406 coupe

2006 Volvo C70

The second generation of leadership

Start­ing with the plan­ning for the new plant in Grugliasco in 1956, Pinin started to groom his re­place­ments–Ser­gio his son and Renzo Carli his son-in-law. To his heirs ap­par­ent, Pinin said of the Corso Tra­pani fa­cil­ity “This old plant has reached the lim­its of its growth. It has no room for ex­pan­sion and is far from being up to date. If I were alone I’d leave it as it is. But I want you to de­cide which way to go–to stay as we are or to en­large. Ei­ther way is fine with me. It’s your de­ci­sion to make and I don’t want to know what it is. I’m fin­ished and it’s your time to take over. The fu­ture is ab­solutely up to you.” In 1958, upon leav­ing for a world tour Pinin added “In my fam­ily we in­herit our lega­cies from live peo­ple–not from the dead.”

1961 at the age of 68, “Pinin” Fa­rina for­mally turns his firm over to his son Ser­gio and his son-in-law, Renzo Carli, it was the same year that the Pres­i­dent of Italy for­mally au­tho­rized the change of Fa­rina’s last name to Pininfarina.

Pin­in­fa­rina was run by Bat­tista’s grand­son An­drea Pin­in­fa­rina from 2001 until his death in 2008. An­drea’s younger brother Paolo Pin­in­fa­rina was then ap­pointed as successor.

Modernizing for a new world

Start­ing in the mid-1960s, Pin­in­fa­rina started to make in­vest­ments in the sci­ence of au­to­mo­tive de­sign, a strat­egy to dif­fer­en­ti­ate it­self from the other Ital­ian coachbuilders.

In 1966, Pin­in­fa­rina opened Studi e Ricerche, or the Stud­ies and Re­search Cen­tre in Grugliasco. The re­search cen­tre oc­cu­pied 8000 sq. me­tres (2 acres) and em­ployed 180 tech­ni­cians ca­pa­ble of pro­duc­ing 25 pro­to­types a year.

The Cal­cu­la­tion and De­sign Cen­tre was set up in 1967, the first step in a process of tech­no­log­i­cal evo­lu­tion which, dur­ing the 1970s, would take Pin­in­fa­rina into the lead in au­to­mated body­work design.

Then in 1972 con­struc­tion of a full-sized wind tun­nel was com­pleted. The pro­ject was started in 1966. When it opened, it not only was the first wind tun­nel with the abil­ity to test full-sized cars in Italy, but also one of the first in the world with this ability. To put this fore­sight in per­spec­tive, GM’s full-sized wind tun­nel didn’t open until 1980.

New infrastructure and expansion

The 1980s started a pe­riod of ex­pan­sion for Pininfarina.

In 1982 the com­pany opened “Pin­in­fa­rina Studi e Ricerche” in Cam­biano. It was sep­a­rate from the fac­tory and wind tun­nel in Grugliasco, to keep de­sign and re­search ac­tiv­i­ties in­de­pen­dent from man­u­fac­tur­ing. On Oc­to­ber 14, 2002, Pin­in­fa­rina in­au­gu­rated a new en­gi­neer­ing cen­ter. The new fa­cil­ity, which was built at the Cam­biano cam­pus, to give greater vis­i­bil­ity and in­de­pen­dence to the en­gi­neer­ing operations.

In 1983 Pin­in­fa­rina reached an agree­ment with Gen­eral Mo­tors to de­sign and build the Cadil­lac Al­lanté. The Al­lanté pro­ject led to the build­ing of the San Gior­gio fac­tory in 1985.

In 1996, Mit­subishi en­tered into talks for Pin­in­fa­rina build their new com­pact SUV, the Pa­jero, in Italy. While Mit­subishi rec­og­nized Pin­in­fa­rina’s ex­per­tise in de­sign and en­gi­neer­ing, the rea­son for choos­ing them was that man­u­fac­tur­ing costs were half of those in Germany. After en­ter­ing into an agree­ment in 1996, Pin­in­fa­rina pur­chased an in­dus­trial site at Bairo Canavese near Turin, Italy. in April 1997, Bairo Canavese was ded­i­cated to the pro­duc­tion of the new Mit­subishi Pa­jero Pinin.

Pin­in­fa­rina Sverige AB in Ud­de­valla, Swe­den, was es­tab­lished in 2003 as a joint ven­ture (JV) be­tween Volvo Cars and Pin­in­fa­rina to pro­duce a new Volvo con­vert­ible that will be sold in Eu­rope and the United States. The JV is owned 60% by Pin­in­fa­rina and 40% by Volvo. The C70 model de­signed by Volvo’s John Kin­sey—was launched on 13 April 2006, shar­ing the Volvo P1 plat­form used in the S40.

New economic realities

In April 2008, after three years of se­ri­ous losses to­tal­ing 115 mil­lion euros at the end of 2007, Pin­in­fa­rina made the first of sev­eral moves to raise cap­i­tal and re­struc­ture its enor­mous debt:

April 29, 2008

Pin­in­fa­rina’s an­nounced Piero Fer­rari, Al­berto Bom­bas­sei, chair­man of Brembo, and the Mar­siaj fam­ily, founders of the Sabelt seat­belt com­pany, will join with Vin­cent Bol­lore, a French fi­nancier, and Ratan Tata, head of India’s Tata con­glom­er­ate, who al­ready an­nounced their plans to in­vest, re­ports Reuters. The five will to­gether in­vest €100 million.

Fund­ing will come through the sale of stock to other in­vestors. The Pin­in­fa­rina fam­ily is will­ing to re­duce its share from its cur­rent 55% to 30%, which is still enough to se­cure a con­trol­ling interest.

December 31, 2008

On De­cem­ber 31, 2008, Pin­in­fa­rina an­nounced a debt re­struc­tur­ing that would re­quire the fam­ily to sell its stake in the com­pany. The agree­ment was made after Pin­in­fa­rina’s value dropped 67 per cent dur­ing 2008, and it then had a mar­ket cap­i­tal­iza­tion of about €36 mil­lion. It had total debts of €598 mil­lion at the end of No­vem­ber. Of that amount, €555 mil­lion was the sub­ject of the debt re­struc­tur­ing agree­ment that was agreed on with a con­sor­tium of banks.

March 24, 2009

Pin­car, Pin­in­fa­rina’s fam­ily hold­ing com­pany, an­nounced it has hired Leonardo and Co to find a buyer for its 50.6% stake in Pin­in­fa­rina per the debt re­struc­tur­ing agree­ment reached in December.

January 4, 2011

Pin­in­fa­rina re­leased a state­ment say­ing that it is still gath­er­ing “pos­si­ble of­fers from po­ten­tial buy­ers,” adding it would re­lease more in­for­ma­tion when it was appropriate.

Com­pany sources added, the fam­ily will not sell its en­tire 50.7% stake but that Pin­car would no longer be a ma­jor­ity shareholder.

February 14, 2012

Italy’s Pin­in­fa­rina fam­ily is set to lose con­trol of the car de­sign com­pany as lengthy debt re­struc­tur­ing talks head to­ward the fin­ish line, peo­ple fa­mil­iar with the sit­u­a­tion said on Tues­day. A 16.9 mil­lion euros loss in the first nine months of 2011 oc­curred after clos­ing its man­u­fac­tur­ing op­er­a­tions to re-in­vent it­self as a smaller niche de­sign player.

An agree­ment with cred­i­tor banks in­clud­ing In­tesa San­paolo, Uni­Credit, Mediobanca and Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena to re­struc­ture net debt of 76 mil­lion euros is on track and will be reached in the com­ing months, said three sources close to the sit­u­a­tion. “The debt sit­u­a­tion is sta­ble and the talks are not con­tentious, so there is no hurry,” said one of the sources, speak­ing on con­di­tion anonymity. “The agree­ment will fix the cap­i­tal struc­ture for the fore­see­able future.”

When fi­nalised, the debt ac­cord will give con­trol of the fam­ily’s 77 per­cent stake to its cred­i­tor banks, end­ing the Pin­in­fa­rina fam­ily’s ownership.

The deal will close a chap­ter that began in 2008 when the banks swapped 180 mil­lion euros in debt in ex­change for a promise of pro­ceeds from a fu­ture sale of part of the Pin­in­fa­rina’s fam­ily stake.

But no tak­ers ma­te­ri­alised. Po­ten­tial buy­ers were not will­ing to ac­quire a de­sign com­pany when they can eas­ily con­tract its ser­vices, said one of the peo­ple fa­mil­iar with the situation.

February 15, 2012

In a state­ment re­leased on 15 Feb­ru­ary, the Cam­biano-based com­pany, which owes over €100 mil­lion to a num­ber of Ital­ian banks, said its debt re­pay­ment date has been ex­tended to 2018, from 2015.

The agree­ment, which will be signed in the next few weeks, will also see the com­pany take ad­van­tage of in­ter­est rates “sig­nif­i­cantly lower than [cur­rent] mar­ket rates”. With the new debt re­struc­tur­ing deal with its cred­i­tors Pin­in­fa­rina will re­main under the con­trol of the Pin­in­fa­rina family.

May 16, 2012

Au­to­mo­tive News re­ports Pin­in­fa­rina pro­jects it will turn a profit for 2012, thanks in part to debt re­struc­tur­ing. The Ital­ian de­sign stu­dio hasn’t seen a profit in eight years, but signed a deal in April to re­struc­ture $182.6 mil­lion in debt. The move ef­fec­tively stretched the stu­dio’s re­pay­ment dead­line from 2015 to 2018. At the same time, Pin­in­fa­rina an­nounced it will likely see an op­er­at­ing loss this year, but a one-time gain of $57.6 mil­lion will re­sult in the net profit. Last year, the com­pany lost $8.3 mil­lion in the first quar­ter, though that fig­ure has dropped to just under $4 mil­lion dur­ing Q1 2012.

Pin­in­fa­rina also saw its net rev­enue in­crease by $2.9 million.

March 26, 2013

Pin­in­fa­rina in the black for first time since 2004 Ital­ian de­sign house Pin­in­fa­rina pre­dicted last May that it would face an op­er­at­ing loss for 2012 but still come out with a net profit. Both pre­dic­tions have come true – the com­pany is re­port­ing an op­er­at­ing loss of 8.2 mil­lion euros and a net profit of 32.9 mil­lion euros ($42.5 mil­lion US).

Ac­cord­ing to Reuters, the good news came be­cause of a debt re­struc­tur­ing arranged last year that gives the com­pany three more years to repay its $182.6 mil­lion in debt, and a one-time gain of roughly 45 mil­lion euros ($57.6 mil­lion US). It is the com­pany’s first profit since 2004.

Acquisition by Mahindra group (2015–present)

Mahin­dra Group, owner of In­dian au­to­mo­bile com­pany Mahin­dra & Mahin­dra agreed to buy Ital­ian car de­signer Pin­in­fa­rina SpA in a deal worth about 168 mil­lion euros ($185 million). Mahin­dra group, to­gether with af­fil­i­ate Tech Mahin­dra, have 76 per­cent stake from hold­ing com­pany Pin­car for 25.3 mil­lion euros. The In­dian com­pany will offer the same price for the re­main­ing stock. In ad­di­tion to buy­ing stock, Mahin­dra will in­vest 20 mil­lion euros in Pin­in­fa­rina and pro­vide a guar­an­tee to cred­i­tors of 114.5 mil­lion euros.

Corporate Governance (2016)

• President:Paolo Pininfarina
• CEO – General Manager: Silvio Pietro Angori
• Board of Directors: Manoj Bhat, C.P.Gurnani, Romina Guglielmetti, Jay Itzkowitz, Licia Mattioli, Sara Miglioli, Antony Sheriff.
• Statutory Auditors: Nicola Treves (president), Margherita Spaini, Giovanni Rayneri.

The end of car production operations

On De­cem­ber 10, 2011 Pin­in­fa­rina an­nounced it would end all au­to­mo­tive pro­duc­tion. In truth pro­duc­tion ended in No­vem­ber 2010 with the con­clu­sion of the con­tract to pro­duce the Alfa Romeo Brera and Spi­der at the San Gior­gio plant.

Grugliasco factory

Opened in 1958 with nearly 1,000 em­ploy­ees, by 1960 out­put ex­ceeded 11,000 car bodies. In 2009 Pin­in­fa­rina sold the fac­tory to Fin­piemonte, the pub­lic fi­nance of the Pied­mont Re­gion, at the price of 14.4 mil­lion euro. Fin­piemonte, as part of the deal, leases the plant to Gian Mario Rossig­nol at a rent of €650,000 per year for six years renewable.

The Grugliasco sale did not in­clude an ad­ja­cent struc­ture that houses the wind tunnel.

San Giorgio plant

Opened in 1986 to build Cadil­lac Al­lante bod­ies for Gen­eral Motors, the same year Pin­in­fa­rina was first listed on the Stock Ex­change in Milan. Au­to­mo­tive pro­duc­tion ended at San Gior­gio with the con­clu­sion of the Ford pro­duc­tion in July 2010, and Alfa Romeo pro­duc­tion in No­vem­ber 2010.

Fol­low­ing the end of con­tract man­u­fac­tur­ing ac­tiv­i­ties San Gior­gio Canavese is being used for pro­duc­tion of spare parts for cars man­u­fac­tured in the past.

Bairo Canavese

Pin­in­fa­rina opened its third man­u­fac­tur­ing plant in 1997. Cur­rently Pin­in­fa­rina leases the plant and 57 em­ploy­ees to the Ce­comp Group. This agree­ment to pro­duce 4,000elec­tric Bol­loré Blue­cars runs April 1, 2011 to De­cem­ber 31, 2013. On Sep­tem­ber 13, 2013 a new lease agree­ment was an­nounced, this new agree­ment will run from Jan­u­ary 1, 2014 until the end of 2016.

Uddevalla, Sweden Pininfarina Sverige AB

A joint ven­ture be­tween Pin­in­fa­rina S.p.A. and Volvo Car Cor­po­ra­tion began in 2003. Volvo and Pin­in­fa­rina S.p.A. have agreed upon the ter­mi­na­tion of the joint ven­ture agree­ment re­gard­ing Pin­in­fa­rina Sverige AB and its op­er­a­tions in Ud­de­valla, Swe­den. As of De­cem­ber 31, 2011 the ter­mi­na­tion this agree­ment would re­sult in a 30 mil­lion euros fee paid to Pininfarina.

On June 25, 2013 the last Volvo C70 was pro­duced and the Ud­de­valla as­sem­bly plant was closed.

Designers

Al­though Pin­in­fa­rina rarely gave credit to individuals, that pol­icy seems to have changed in re­cent years and many of the de­sign­ers of the past have be­come known. As of 2011 Pin­in­fa­rina em­ploys 101 peo­ple in their styling de­part­ment. That is down from 185 in 2005.

Paolo Martin at work

• Franco Scaglione 1951, designer for two months before he left for what is now known as Gruppo Bertone
• Franco Martinengo 1952–72, Director of the Centro Stile
• Adriano Rabbone
• Francesco Salomone
• Aldo Brovarone 1954–74, Designer; 1974–88, Managing Director Studi e Ricerche
• Tom Tjaarda 1961–65, Designer
• Filippo Sapino 1967–69
• Paolo Martin 1968–72, Chief of the Styling Department
• Diego Ottina 1970—
• Lorenzo Ramaciotti 1973-2005 deputy director of Pininfarina Studi e Ricerche, Director General and Chief Designer, CEO of Pininfarina SpA Research and Development
• Ian Cameron 1975–81
• Enrico Fumia 1976–91; 1982: Manager at Pininfarina R&D – Models and Prototypes Development; 1988: Manager at Pininfarina R&D – Design and Development; 1989: Deputy General Manager at Pininfarina R&D
• Guido Campoli
• Emanuele Nicosia 1977–85
• Elvio d’Aprile 1982–95
• Piero Camardella 1984–93
• Marco Tencone
• Leonardo Fioravanti 1988–91, Managing Director and CEO of Pininfarina Studi e Ricerche
• Maurizio Corbi 1989-
• Davide Arcangeli
• Jeremy Malick 2000–02, Designer; 2009—-, Senior Designer
• Dimitri Vicedomini 2001–12, Senior Car Designer
• Jason Castriota 2001–08
• Ken Okuyama 2004–06, Creative Director
• Luca Borgogno 2005— , Lead Designer
• Nazzareno Epifani 2006— , Lead Designer
• Lowie Vermeersch 2007–10, Design Director
• Brano Mauks 2007— , Senior Designer
• Carlo Palazzani 2010— , Lead Designer
• Felix Kilbertus 2011— , Lead Designer
• Fabio Filippini 2011— , Vice President Design and Chief Creative Officer

Vehicles

Pin­in­fa­rina de­signs, man­u­fac­tures, as­sem­bles, and tests pro­to­types and pro­duc­tion ve­hi­cles under con­tract for other automakers.

Past production

As of De­cem­ber 10, 2011 Pin­in­fa­rina an­nounced it would end all mass au­to­mo­tive pro­duc­tion with the sale of its 40% stake in the Ud­de­valla, Swe­den plant to Volvo in 2013. In the past Pin­in­fa­rina has pro­duced both cars and car-bod­ies under con­tract from other au­tomak­ers. This pro­duc­tion in­cludes Pin­in­fa­rina-de­signed cars and ve­hi­cles de­signed by others.

A sortable list of com­plete cars or car bod­ies man­u­fac­tured in one of the five Pin­in­fa­rina factories:

1947 Maserati A6 1500 PininFarina1953 Maserati A6G 2000 bodied by Zagato PininFarina1951 Cistialia 202 SC Pininfarina CoupéAlfa Romeo 6C 2500 SS Pinin Farina CabrioletAlfa Romeo 6C 2500 SS Coupé, coachbuilding by Pininfarina1949 Maserati A6 1500 Coupé Pininfarina1950-52 Lancia Aurelia B50 cabriolet by Pinin Farina1950-58 Lancia Aurelia B20 GT, 6th Series. Lancia Flaminia Coupe Pininfarina1952 Alfa Romeo 1900 C Cabriolet PF1952 ALFA ROMEO 1900 C SPRINT PININFARINA COUPE1952 Alfa Romeo 1900C PF 2+2 Cabriolet1952 Ferrari 212 Inter Pininfarina coupé1952 Lancia D20 Pininfarina + last one at le mans 19531953 Nash Healey Pininfarina Roadstar1954 Ferrari 375 MM and Ingrid Bergman and her husband Robert Rossellini to her right.Carrozzeria Pinin Farina1953 Lancia D23 Spider Pininfarina

1953 Lancia D24 Pininfarina Spider Sport; top car design rating and specifications

1953-54 Lancia D24 Spyder Sport PininFarina1954 fiat-1100-tv-coupe-pininfarina-1954-(italie)

1954 FIAT 1100 TV PininFarinaLancia Aurelia B24 (+B25 remakes) Spider America PininFarinaMaserati A6 GCS/53 Berlinetta PininFarina1956 Lancia Aurelia B24S Spider boasts a race-developed V6 engine, outstanding handling and beautiful Pininfarina styling1956 Alfa Giulietta Spider Pininfarina Grey Main1958 LANCIA APPIA SERIES2+2 PININFARINA COUPE1959 Ferrari 250 GT Coupé Pininfarina1962 Alfa Giulietta Spider Pininfarina1959 Cadillac Eldorado Brougham by Pininfarina1959 Lancia Flaminia Coupé Pinin Farina1961 Ferrari 250 GTE 2+2 Pininfarina1966 Peugeot 404 Pininfarina Coupé1967 Peugeot 404 Coupe Cabriolet Pininfarina1962 MHV Lancia Flavia Pininfarina Coupé-011965 Lancia Flavia-Pininfarina Mk11968 Lancia Flavia Pininfarina Convertibile1971 Lancia 2000 HF Pinifarina Coupe1963 Alfa Romeo Giulia 1600 Series 105 Pininfarina1963 Alfa-Giulia-Spider-DV-10 1600 Pininfarina1963-68 Ferrari 330 gtc pininfarina1967 Ferrari 330 GT 2+2 Pininfarina1964 MHV Ferrari 330GT America Pininfarina 011968 Interior of Ferrari 330 GT 2+2 Pininfarina (serie II)1966 Ferrari 330 GTS Pininfarina1967 Ferrari 330 GTC Pininfarina during the Saxony Classic Rallye 20101962 Ferrari 330 LM Berlinetta Pininfarina1967 Alfa Romeo 1600cc Duetto-white Pininfarina-DV-16-CI1968-72 Alfa Romeo Giulia 1600 Tubolare Zagato (TZ) Coupe by Pininfarina1968-70 Alfa Romeo 1750 Spider Veloce North America (105) designed by PininfarinaPeugeot 504 Coupé designed by PininfarinaPeugeot 504 Cabriolet designed by Pininfarina1972 Ferrari 365 GTC 4 Pininfarina1971-75 Lancia 2000 Pininfarina Berlina 1973 1991ccFerrari 400 GT4 2+2 desined by PininfarinaLancia Monte-Carlo PininfarinaPeugeot-Talbot Samba Cabrio Design Pininfarina (Clássico)

Fiat Campagniola ?1986 Ferrari-Testarossa-Spider-by-Pininfarina1984-86 Alfa Romeo 33 1.5 4×4 Giardinetta (905) designed by Pininfarinaferrari-412 pininfarina

Ferrari 412 GT

peugeot 205-cabriolet-pininfarina1990 Cadillac Allante 25 Pininfarina1987-93 CADILLAC Allante Cabriolet PininfarinaFerrari 456 GT PininfarinaPininfarina Ferrari 456GT Venice Convertible Brunei 161993-00 Pininfarina designed Fiat Coupé 20v Turbo Model1993-02 peugeot 306 pininfarina designed cabrioletBentley Azure Mark I Convertible disigned by Pininfarinalancia kappa-sw-designed by pininfarinaPeugeot 406 Coupé designed by pininfarina2002 Mitsubishi Pajero Pinin ZR 5-door wagonAlfa Romeo GTV & Spider 916 series designed by pininfarinaHONDA ARGENTO VIVO BY PININFARINAford streetka designed by pininfarinapininfarina designed ford streetka2012 Pininfarina designed Alfa Romeo Brera Milan Design Week Superstudio in 20122006 Alfa Spider VI Pininfarina2006 Alfa Romeo Spider VI Pininfarina with extracted roof2015 ford-focus-cabrio-render-pininfarina2015 ford-focus-cabrio-render-pininfarina a2011 Volvo C70 II Pininfarina2008 mitsubishi colt czc pininfarina2006-09 Pininfarina Mitsubishi Colt CZCLancia Beta Montecarlo pininfarinaLancia Beta Montecarlo cabrio pininfarinaPininfarina designed Lancia 037 en version stradale1975 Fiat 130 Coupe PininfarinaFiat Dino 2.0-pininfarina-coupelancia gamma-coupe pininfarina1934 Alfa Romeo 6C 2300 Pescara Touring Cabriolet

Years	Model	Factory	Quantity
1946–1949	Maserati A6 1500 Turismo	107 Corso Trapani	58
1947–1952	Cisitalia 202	107 Corso Trapani	170
1947–1951	Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 Super Cabriolet	107 Corso Trapani	64
1948–1951	Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 Super Sport Cabriolet	107 Corso Trapani	25-30
1948	Maserati A6 1500 Spider	107 Corso Trapani	2
1950–1952	Lancia Aurelia B50 Cabriolet	107 Corso Trapani	265
1950–1958	Lancia Aurelia B20 Coupé	107 Corso Trapani	2,640
1952	Alfa Romeo 1900 C Cabriolet	107 Corso Trapani	88
1952–1953	Alfa Romeo 1900 C Coupé	107 Corso Trapani	100
1952–1953	Ferrari 212 Inter cabriolet	107 Corso Trapani	2
1952–1953	Ferrari 212 Inter coupé	107 Corso Trapani	11
1952–1953	Lancia D20 coupé	107 Corso Trapani	7
1952–1954	Nash-Healey	107 Corso Trapani	402
1953	Ferrari 375 MM Spider	107 Corso Trapani	15
1953	Lancia D23 Spyder	107 Corso Trapani	4 (re-bodied D20s)
1953-1954	Lancia D24 Spyder	107 Corso Trapani	6
1954–1957	Fiat 1100 TV Coupé	107 Corso Trapani	126
1954–1955	Lancia Aurelia B24 Spider America	107 Corso Trapani	240
1954	Lancia D25 Spyder	107 Corso Trapani	4 (re-bodied D24s)
1954	Maserati A6 GCS/53 Berlinetta	107 Corso Trapani	4
1956	Lancia Aurelia B24 Spider	107 Corso Trapani	521
1956–1958	Alfa Romeo Giulietta Spider	107 Corso Trapani	5,493
1957–1959	Lancia Appia Pininfarina Coupe 2 +2 Series II	–	302
1958–1960	Ferrari 250 GT Coupe Pininfarina	Grugliasco	335
1959–1962	Alfa Romeo Giulietta Spider	Grugliasco	11,503
1959–1960	Cadillac Eldorado Brougham	Grugliasco	200
1959–1967	Lancia Flaminia Coupé	Grugliasco	5,236
1960–1963	Ferrari 250 GTE 2+2	Grugliasco	955 including prototypes
1961–1968	Peugeot 404 Coupé and Cabriolet	Grugliasco	17,223 ( 10,389 Cabriolets, 6,834 Coupés)
1962–1971	Lancia Flavia Coupé	Grugliasco	26,084
1962–1965	Alfa Romeo Giulia 1600 Spider	Grugliasco	10,336
1963	Ferrari 330 America	Grugliasco	50
1964-1967	Ferrari 330 GT 2+2	Grugliasco	1080
1966–1968	Alfa Romeo Giulia Spider Duetto 1600 Spider	Grugliasco	6,322
1966-1968	Ferrari 330 GTC	Grugliasco	604
1966-1968	Ferrari 330 GTS	Grugliasco	100
1966–1985	Fiat 124 Sport Spider	Grugliasco	198,120
1967	Ferrari 330 GTC Coupe Speciale	Grugliasco	3
1968–1972	Alfa Romeo Giulia Spider 1300 and 1600 Junior	Grugliasco	4,913
1968–1972	Alfa Romeo 1750 Spider Veloce	Grugliasco	8,920
1969–1983	Peugeot 504 Coupé	Grugliasco	22,975
1969–1983	Peugeot 504 Cabriolet	Grugliasco	8,191
1971–1972	Ferrari 365 GTC/4	Grugliasco	505
1971–1975	Lancia 2000 Coupé Berlina	Grugliasco	–
1976–1985	Ferrari 400	Grugliasco	1,808
1981–1984	Lancia Beta Coupé HPE	Grugliasco	18.917
1981–1985	Peugeot Talbot Samba Cabriolet	Grugliasco	13,062
1981–1986	Fiat Campagnola	Grugliasco	15,198
1984–1993	Ferrari Testarossa	Grugliasco / San Giorgio	–
1984–1986	Alfa Romeo 33 Giardinetta	Grugliasco	12,238
1985–1989	Ferrari 412 & 412 GT	Grugliasco	576
1984–1993	Peugeot 205 Cabriolet	Grugliasco	72,125
1986–1993	Cadillac Allanté	San Giorgio Canavese	21,430
1992–1996	Ferrari 456 GT	–	3289
1993–2000	Fiat Coupé	–	72,762
1993–2002	Peugeot 306 Cabriolet	San Giorgio Canavese	–
1996–1999	Bentley Azure Mark I Convertible	–	895
1996–2000	Lancia Kappa SW	–	9,208
1996–2004	Peugeot 406 Coupé	San Giorgio Canavese	107,633
1999–2005	Mitsubishi Pajero Pinin	Bairo Canavese and Grugliasco	68,555
2000–2004	Alfa Romeo GTV & Spider 916 series	San Giorgio Canavese	15,788
2002	Honda Pininfarina Argento Vivo	–	4–5
2002–2005	Ford Streetka	Bairo Canavese	37,076
2005–2010	Alfa Romeo Brera	San Giorgio Canavese	21,786
2006–2010	Alfa Romeo Spider	San Giorgio Canavese	12,488
2006–2010	Ford Focus Coupé Cabriolet	Bairo Canavese	36,374
2006–2013	Volvo C70 II	Uddevalla, Sweden	–
2006–2008	Mitsubishi Colt CZC	Bairo Canavese	16,695
1974–1981	Lancia Beta Montecarlo Cabrio	Grugliasco	4,375
1975–1981	Lancia Beta Montecarlo Coupé	Grugliasco	3,203
1981	Lancia 037	Grugliasco	220
1971–1976	Fiat 130 Coupé	Grugliasco	4,491
1966–1972	Fiat Dino Spider	Grugliasco	1,583
1976–1984	Lancia Gamma Coupé	Grugliasco	6,790

Notable car designs

Austin A40 MkII. Main differences from the MkI were the wide grille and the 1098cc Aseries Engine behind it 1961 Austin A40 Farina Mk II

1961 Fiat 2300 Pininfarina

Ferrari Dino berlinetta

1982 Rolls-Royce Camargue

1987 Alfa Romeo 164

2006 Ferrari P4/5 by Pininfarina

Lancia Montecarlo Series 2 by Pininfarina

Pre World War II

Be­fore the war Pin­in­fa­rina built car bod­ies mostly for in­di­vid­ual cus­tomers, many of the bod­ies were “one offs” and not mass-produced.

1931 Lancia Dilambda – the first official Pinin Farina special, presented at the Concours d’Elegance at Villa d’Este1931 Hispano Suiza H6C Coupé Chauffeur1931 Hispano Suiza Pinin Farina Coupé 1931 Hispano Suiza Coupé 1931 Cadillac V16 Roadster – for the Maharajah of Orccha1932 Fiat 518 Ardita designed by Pininfarina 1932 Fiat 518 Ardita1933 Alfa Romeo 8C 2300 Cabriolet (Pininfarina)1933 Alfa Romeo 8C 23001934 Alfa-Romeo-6C-2500-S-Stabilimenti-Farina-Cabriolet-14751 1934 Alfa Rome 6C 2300 B Cabriolet1936 Lancia Astura Cabriolet tipo Bocca – a series of six cars made for the Bocca brothers, Lancia dealers in Biella, Italy – designed by Pininfarina1935 alfa romeo 6C 2300 pescara coupe aerodinamico pininfarina 1935 Alfa Romeo 6C Pescara Coupé aerodinamico1936-39 Lancia Aprilia was manufactured by Lancia, one of the first designed using wind tunnel in collaboration with Battista Farina 1936 Lancia Aprilia1936 Alfa-Romeo-8C-2900B-Stabilimenti-Farina-Cabriolet-25684 1936 Alfa Romeo 8C 29001937 Alfa-Romeo-6C-2300-B-Pescara-Pinin-Farina-Berlinetta 1937 Alfa Romeo 6C 2300-B Pescara Berlinetta1937 Lancia Aprilia Aerodinamica Pininfarina

1938 Lancia Astura PF Convertible Front Laganland Bilmuseum, Sweden 1938 Lancia Astura1943 Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 Super Sport Pinin Farina Cabriolet

Concept cars, Prototypes and Individual commissions

In ad­di­tion to pro­duc­tion ve­hi­cles, Pin­in­fa­rina cre­ates pro­to­type, show, and cus­tom cars for auto man­u­fac­tur­ers, as well as pri­vate clients. Most pro­to­types—such as the Fer­rari Mythos—have served solely as con­cept cars, al­though sev­eral have be­come pro­duc­tion mod­els, in­clud­ing the Fer­rari 612 Scagli­etti and Fer­rari F50.

A re­cent pri­vately com­mis­sioned cus­tom ex­am­ple was the Fer­rari P4/5 of 2006, a one-car re­body (chang­ing the ex­te­rior de­sign) of the Enzo Fer­rari ac­cord­ing to the client’s spec­i­fi­ca­tions. Its de­sign began in Sep­tem­ber 2005 with sketches by Jason Cas­tri­ota mov­ing through com­puter aided sculp­ture and strin­gent wind tun­nel test­ing. More than 200 com­po­nents were de­signed es­pe­cially for the car though the en­gine, dri­ve­train and many other com­po­nents are sim­ply mod­i­fied from the orig­i­nal Enzo Fer­rari. The Ve­hi­cle Iden­ti­fi­ca­tion Num­ber (VIN) is un­changed from the Enzo it was de­rived from. The P4/5 was pub­licly re­vealed on Au­gust 18, 2006 at the Peb­ble Beach Con­cours d’El­e­gance and shown again at the Paris Motor Show in late Sep­tem­ber. An­other re­cent pro­to­type is the Pin­in­fa­rina Nido, a two-seater sub-com­pact that could pos­si­bly make airbags obsolete.

The Pin­in­fa­rina B0 so­lar-elec­tric con­cept, de­signed with Bol­loré was shown at the 2008 Paris Motor Show fea­tur­ing a range be­tween charges of more than 150 miles (241 km) with an elec­tron­i­cally lim­ited 88-mile-per-hour (142 km/h) top speed, and an es­ti­mated ac­cel­er­a­tion to 37 miles per hour (60 km/h) in 6.3 seconds. The car has solar pan­els on the roof and on the nose, while its bat­tery pack is said to last up to 125,000 miles (201,168 km).

On May 15, 2013 Pin­in­fa­rina an­nounced the BMW Pin­in­fa­rina Gran Lusso Coupé to be re­vealed on May 24 at the Con­corso d’El­e­ganza Villa d’Este. Pin­in­fa­rina an­nounced this one-off con­cept car as the first col­lab­o­ra­tion be­tween BMW and Pininfarina, but in 1949 BMW com­mis­sioned Pin­in­fa­rina de­sign and build a pro­to­type of the BMW 501—it was re­jected for being too modern.

1949 Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 Coupe Speciale

1949 bmw-501-prototype-1949-designed-by-pininfarina 1949 BMW 5011952 Lancia-Aurelia-B52-PininFarina200-Cabriolet 1952 Lancia Aurelia B52 PF 200 spider –version 11952 Lancia Aurelia B52 PF 200 coupé –version 11953 Lancia Aurelia B52 PF 200 spider –version 2 and 31954 Cadillac Series 62 PF -built for Norman Granz1954 Lancia Aurelia B52 PF 200 coupé –version 21955 Ferrari 375MM Speciale DV PalmBeach Pininfarina design1955 Ferrari 375-America Speciale Designed by Pininfarina 1955 Ferrari 375 America Coupé Speciale

1955 lancia aurelia b55 pf200 coupe pininfarina 1955 Lancia Aurelia B55 PF 200 coupé –version 31955 Nash Pininfarina Special 1955 Nash Special1956 Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM Super Flow Coupe I1956 Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM Super Flow II Coupe Pininfarina1956 PininFarina Nash Rambler Palm Beach Coupe Special D-12575 1956 Rambler Palm Beach1957 Fiat Abarth 750 Pininfarina Record Car Photo 1957 Abarth 750 Bialbero Record1957 Abarth 500 750 1000 Coupe1957 Lancia Florida1959 Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM Spyder Super Sport1960 Ferrari Superamerica Superfast 21960 Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM Super Flow IV Coupe Pininfarina1960 Pininfarina X1961 Pininfarina Cadillac Brougham ‘Jacqueline’ Coupe 1961 Cadillac “Jacqueline” Brougham Coupé (named after Jacqueline Kennedy)1961 Ferrari 250 GT Pininfarina Coupe Speciale1962 Speciale designed by Pininfarina · Fiat 2300 Coupe 1962 Fiat 2300 Coupe Speciale1963 Alfa Romeo 2600 Coupe Speciale (Pininfarina) 1963 Alfa Romeo 2600 Coupe Speciale1963 Chevrolet Corvair Super Spyder Coupé Monza GT.1 designed by Pininfarina 1963 Chevrolet Corvair Super Spyder Coupé (2 built)1963 Pininfarina Chevrolet Corvette Rondine Coupé1963 Fiat 2300 Cabriolet Speciale Pininfarina 1963 Fiat 2300 Cabriolet Speciale1963 Pininfarina Fiat 2300 S Speciale Lausanne Coupe 1963 Fiat 2300 S Coupe Speciale Lausanne1964 Pininfarina Fiat 2300 S Coupe Speciale 1964 Fiat 2300 S Coupe Speciale1963 Pininfarina PF Sigma 1963 Pininfarina PF Sigma1963 Mercedes-Benz 230 SL Coupe (Pininfarina) 1963 Mercedes-Benz 230SL concept car (“Pininfarina Coupé”)1964 Abarth 1000 Coupe Speciale (Pininfarina)1964 Abarth 1000 Spider (Pininfarina) 1964 Abarth 1000 Spyder1965 Pininfarina Abarth 1000 Coupe Speciale 1965 Abarth 1000 Coupe Speciale1965 Pininfarina Alfa Romeo Giulia 1600 Sport Tubolare 1965 Alfa Romeo Giulia Sport Tubolare1965 Ferrari-206-P-Dino-Pininfarina-Berlinetta-Speciale 1965 Ferrari Dino 206 Berlinetta Speciale1965 Ferrari-250-LM-Pininfarina-Stradale-Speciale 1965 Ferrari 250 LM Pininfarina Stradale Speciale1965 Ferrari 365P Berlinetta Speciale 3-posti (2 built) Pininfarina 1965 Ferrari 365P Berlinetta Speciale 3-posti (2 built)1965 Fiat 2300 S Coupe Speciale (Pininfarina) 1965 Fiat 2300 S Coupe Speciale1967 Pininfarina BMC-1800 Berlina-Aerodinamica 1967 BMC 1800 Berlina-Aerodinamica1967 Ferrari Dino 206 Competizione (Pininfarina) 1967 Ferrari Dino 206 Competizione1967 Fiat Dino Parigi (Pininfarina) Paris 1967 Fiat Dino Parigi1968 Bentley T1 Coupe Speciale (Pininfarina) 1968 Bentley T1 Coupe Speciale1968 Pininfarina BLMC-1100 Berlina-Aerodinamica 1968 Pininfarina BLMC 11001968 Alfa Romeo Tipo 33 La Roadster Pininfarina1968 Ferrari P6 Berlinetta Speciale Pininfarina1968 MG EX.234 Roadster Pininfarina 1968 MG EX.234 Roadster1968 Ferrari 250 P5 (Pininfarina) Speciale 1968 Ferrari 250 P5 Speciale1969 Abarth 2000 (Pininfarina) 1969 Abarth 20001969 Alfa Romeo P33 Coupe (Pininfarina) 1969 Alfa Romeo Tipo 33 Coupé 33/21969 Pininfarina Sigma Grand Prix monoposto F1 1969 Ferrari Sigma Grand Prix monoposto F11969 Ferrari 512S Speciale (Pininfarina) 1969 Ferrari 512S Berlinetta Speciale1969 Pininfarina Fiat 128 Teenager Beach Buggy 1969 Fiat 128 Teenager1970 Ferrari 512S Modulo Pininfarina Concept 1 1970 Ferrari 512 S Modulo1971 Alfa Romeo P33 Cuneo (Pininfarina) 1971 Alfa Romeo Tipo 33 Cuneo Spider 33/21971 Peugeot 504 Break Riviera (Pininfarina) 1971 Peugeot Break Riviera1971 Pininfarina NSU RO-80 01 1971 NSU Ro 801973 Alfa Romeo Alfetta Spider (Pininfarina) 1973 Alfa Romeo Alfetta Spider1973 Autobianchi A 112 Giovani (Pininfarina) 1973 Autobianchi A 112 Giovani1973 Chevrolet XP-897GT Two-Rotor (Pininfarina) 1973 Chevrolet Corvette XP-897GT – Designed by GM, built by Pininfarina1974 Ferrari CR 25 (Pininfarina) 1974 Ferrari CR 251974 Fiat 130 Maremma (Pininfarina) 1974 Fiat 130 Maremma 1975 Alfa Romeo Eagle (Pininfarina) 1975 Alfa Romeo Eagle1975 Fiat 130 Opera (Pininfarina) 1975 Fiat 130 Opera sedan1975 Peugeot Peugette (Pininfarina) b-w 1975 Peugeot Peugette1978 Fiat Ecos (Pininfarina) 1978 Fiat Ecos1978 Jaguar XJ Spider (Pininfarina) 1978 Jaguar XJ Spider1978 Lancia Gamma Spider (Pininfarina) 1978 Lancia Gamma Spider1978 Pininfarina Studio CNR 1978 Pininfarina CNR-PF1980 Ferrari Pinin (Pininfarina) 1980 Ferrari Pinin1980 Lancia Gamma Scala (Pininfarina) 1980 Lancia Gamma Scala sedan1981 Audi Quartz (Pininfarina) 1981 Audi Quartz1982 Lancia Gamma Olgiata (Pininfarina) 1982 Lancia Gamma Olgiata1983 Fiat Ritmo Coupe (Pininfarina) 1983 Pininfarina Brio – based on Fiat Ritmo Abarth 125 TC1984 Honda HP-X (Pininfarina) 1984 Honda HP-X concept car1985 Peugeot Griffe 4 (Pininfarina) 1985 Peugeot Griffe 41986 Alfa Romeo Vivace Coupe and Spider (Pininfarina) 1986 Alfa Romeo Vivace Coupe and Spider

1988 Lancia HIT (Pininfarina) 1988 Lancia HIT 1989 pininfarina ferrari mythos 1989 Ferrari Mythos1990 Pininfarina CNR E21991 Opel Chronos Pininfarina1992 Fiat Cinquecento 4×4 pick-up1992 Pininfarina Ethos1993 Pininfarina Ethos 21994 Fiat Spunto1994 Pininfarina Ethos 3 1995 Honda Argento Vivo (Pininfarina) 1995 Honda Argento Vivo1995 Honda SSM (Pininfarina) 1995 Honda SSM1996 Fiat Sing e Song – a pair of concept cars based on the Fiat Bravo and Brava Pininfarina 1996 Pininfarina etabeta 1997 Peugeot Nautilus concept designed by Pininfarina 1998 Alfa Romeo Dardo Spider Pininfarina 1999 Fiat Wish Cabriolet / Coupé Pininfarina 1999 Pininfarina Metrocubo2000 Ferrari Rossa Pininfarina 2001 Ford Start (Pininfarina) 2001 Ford Start 2001 Citroën Osée Pininfarina2002 Hafei HF Fantasy Pininfarina 2003 Pininfarina Lotus Enjoy 2004 Pininfarina Double-Face 2004 Pininfarina Nido2004 Saturn Curve – Built by Pininfarina, designed by GM in Sweden 2005 Chery M14 (Pininfarina) 2005 Chery M14 2005 Maserati Birdcage 75th Pininfarina

2006 Ferrari 612 Scaglietti “Kappa” one-off for Peter S. Kalikow2006 Ferrari P4/5 by Pininfarina2008 Pininfarina B0 electric car2008 Pininfarina Sintesi2008 Rolls-Royce Phantom Drophead Coupé Hyperion designed by Pininfarina 2008 Rolls-Royce Phantom Drophead Coupé Hyperion2009 Tata Pr1ma concept car designed by Pininfarina 2009 Tata Pr1ma concept car2009 Ferrari P540 Superfast Aperta – one off for Edward Walson, based on the Ferrari 599 Pininfarina2009 Ferrari P540 Superfast Aperta – one off for Edward Walson, based on the Ferrari 5992010 Alfa Romeo 2uettottanta concept car Pininfarina 2010 Alfa Romeo 2uettottanta concept car2010 Lancia Stratos for Michael Stoschek pininfarina 2010 Lancia Stratos for Michael Stoschek 2010 Pininfarina Nido EV2012 Pininfarina Cambiano concept car2012 Ferrari SP12 EC one-off for Eric Clapton

Pininfarina Sergio Concept Geneva 2013 2013 Pininfarina Sergio concept car

2013 BMW Pininfarina Gran Lusso Coupe 2013 BMW Gran Lusso Coupé2014 Ferrari Sergio Pininfarina Tribute Car 2014 Ferrari Sergio2016 H2 Speed concept car pininfarina 2016 H2 Speed concept car

Production Cars Designed by Pininfarina

A list of Post WWII cars de­signed by Pin­in­fa­rina that went into production.

1948 Cisitalia 202 SC Coupe by Pininfarina 1948 Cisitalia 202

1949 Simca 8 Sport Pininfarina Coupé1949 Simca 8 Pininfarina Sport Cabriolet 1949 Simca 8 Sport Coupé and Cabriolet1951 Rolls-Royce Silver Dawn Pininfarina continental coupe only 11952 Ferrari-250-GT-Pininfarina-Coupe-Speciale 1952 Ferrari 2501952 Nash Ambassador Pininfarina1952 Nash Healey Pininfarina Roadster 1952 Nash-Healey1953 Maserati A6GC53-Berlinetta-PininFarina1953 Maserati A6GCS 53 Spyder Pininfarina 1953 Four Berlinetta and one Spyder version of the Maserati A6GCS/531956 Alfa Romeo Giulietta Pininfarina Spider1955 ferrari 410 superamerica pininfarna coupe 1955 Ferrari 410 Superamerica1955 Peugeot 403-berline-et-cabriolet pininfarina 1955 Peugeot 4031956 Austin A40 Farina (Mark I) 1956 Austin A40 Farina1957 Lancia-Flaminia-Zagato-Pininfarina Super-Sport-side-view 1957 Lancia Flaminia

1958 BMC 1800 Landcrab history AROnline Pininfarina 1958 BMC Farina cars

Austin A55 Mk2: ADO 9 or Austin Drawing office 9 was the nearest to production car to Farina’s design proposal. This was the only car in this family to be built exclusively at Longbridge. As launched in 1959, the A55 Mk II had a rather severe, square, mesh front grille, very prominent fins and a body style which left the wheels well tucked in and looking a touch too small for the rest of the machine.

1959 Austin A55 MkII Pininfarina Cambridge rear Austin A55 Cambridge Mk II1959 mg magnette pininfarina mkIII MG Magnette Mk IIIMorris Oxford Farina VRiley 4/68 Pininfarina

Wolseley 16/60 Wolseley 15/60 Pininfarina

1959-61 Fiat 1800-2100 (112-114) designed by Pininfarina 1959 Fiat 1800/21001961 Ferrari 250 GTE Coupe Pininfarina 1960 Ferrari 250 GTE1960 peugeot-404 pininfarina 1960 Peugeot 4041961 Fiat 2300 Pininfarina 1961 Fiat 23001962 ado16dev pininfarina 101972 BMC ADO16 Austin 1300GT 1380cc Pininfarina 1962 BMC ADO16

1963 Datsun 1200 Bluebird 410 Pininfarina 1963 Datsun Bluebird 4101964 BMC ADO17 Pininfarina

1964 Ferrari 275 GTB-C Berlinetta Speciale, Body by Pininfarina-Scaglietti 1964 Ferrari 275

1965 Ferrari-206-P-Dino-Pininfarina-Berlinetta-Speciale 1965 Ferrari Dino 2061965 MGB GT1965 Nissan Cedric 1301965 Peugeot 204 limo Pininfarina1974 Peugeot 204 Break PininfarinaPeugeot 204 Pininfarina CoupéPeugeot 204 Pininfarina Cabriolet1966 Alfa Romeo Spider 1600 Duetto Battista Pininfarina1966 Ferrari 275 Pininfarina GTB-4 Steel1967 Ferrari 275 GTB Pininfarina1967 Ferrari.275.GTB-4.NART.Spyder Pininfarina 1966 Ferrari 275 GTB/C1966 Ferrari 330 GT 2 PlNINFARINA 2 DV-07-CC 1966 Ferrari 330 GTC1966 PININFARINA COUPE and the FIAT 124 SPIDER 1966 Fiat 124 Sport Spider1966-72 fiat-dino-spider-pininfarina 1966 Fiat Dino Spider1966 ika renault torino pininfarina 300 1966 IKA-Renault Torino1968 Ferrari Daytona1968 Peugeot 504 Cabriolet and Coupe Pininfarina1969 Peugeot 304 Cabriolet and Coupe Pininfarina1971 Fiat 130 Coupé designed by Pininfarina 1971 Fiat 130 Coupe

1971 Ferrari 365 GTB-4 designed by Pininfarina 1971 Ferrari 365 GTC/4

1973 – 1976 Ferrari 365 GT4 BB Pininfarina 1973 Ferrari 365 GT4 BB1977 Ferrari 308 GTS 3 0 Pininfarina 1975 Ferrari 3081975-1986 peugeot-604-Pininfarina 1975 Peugeot 6041975 Lancia Beta Montecarlo Pininfarina 1975 Lancia Montecarlo1975 Rolls-Royce Camargue designed by Pininfarina 1975 Rolls-Royce Camargue1976 Peugeot Peugette designed by Pininfarina concept car1978 Pininfarina Jaguar XJ VI Spider 1978 Jaguar XJ61979 peugeot 505 designed by Pininfarina 1979 Peugeot 5051980 Ferrari Mondial Pininfarina 1980 Ferrari Mondial1984 Ferrari Testarossa Pininfarina 1984 Ferrari Testarossa1984-87 Ferrari 288 GTO Pininfarina 1984 Ferrari 288 GTO1985-89 Ferrari 328 GTS Pininfarina 1985 Ferrari 3281985 Peugeot 205 Cabriolet and Saloon (4 doors) based on Peugeot’s Director of Exterior Design, Gerard Welter’s, initial design of the 205 (1983) designed by Pininfarina1987-98 Alfa Romeo 164 designed by Pininfarina 1987 Alfa Romeo 1641986-93 Cadillac Allante design by Pininfarina 1987 Cadillac Allanté1987-92 Ferrari F40 PininFarina 1987 Ferrari F401987 Peugeot 405 Pininfarina1989-95 Ferrari 348 Pininfarina 1989 Ferrari 3481989-99 Peugeot 605 Pininfarina 1989 Peugeot 6051991-96 Honda Beat designed by Pininfarina 1991 Honda Beat1992-94 Jaguar XJ220 Pininfarina 1992 Jaguar XJ220—rebodied an unknown number of cars1992-03 Ferrari 456 GT Pininfarina 1995 1992 Ferrari 456 GT1993-00 Fiat Coupé Pininfarina1993-00 Fiat Coupè Momo Pininfarina Interiors  1993 Fiat Coupé – Interior only1993-02 Peugeot 306 GTI6 designed by Pininfarina 1993 Peugeot 3061994-99 Ferrari F355 Berlinetta Pininfarina 1994 Ferrari F3551994-03 Opel Omega B Pininfarina 1994 Opel Omega1994–02 Peugeot 306 (N5) cabriolet Pininfarina closed 1994 Peugeot 306 Cabriolet1993-06 Alfa Romeo Spider PininfarinaAlfa Romeo GTV 3.0 V6 24V rear pininfarina 1995 Alfa Romeo GTV & Spider1995 Ferrari F355 Spider Pininfarina 1995 Ferrari F355 Spider

?  1995 MG F – Roof Structure only

1995 Ferrari F50 Pininfarina1996 Ferrari 550 Maranello Pininfarina1996 Lancia Cappa Coupé Pininfarina1996 Lancia Kappa SW and coupé pininfarina1996 Lancia Kappa Station Wagon Pininfarina 1996 Lancia Kappa SW1997 Peugeot 406 Coupé rouge lucifer 2.0l 137ch designed by Pininfarina 1997 Peugeot 406 Coupé1999-05 Ferrari 360 Modena designed by pininfarina 1999 Ferrari 360 Modena

1999-present Hafei Zhongyi Pininfarina 1999 Songhuajiang Hafei Zhongyi2000-present Daewoo Rezzo Pininfarina Front 2000 Daewoo Tacuma1999-05 Ferrari 360 Modena Pininfarina2000-2005 Ferrari 360 Spider Pininfarina convertible 2000 Ferrari 360 Spider2000 Ferrari 550 Barchetta Pininfarina 2000 Ferrari 550 Barchetta2001-2004 Hyundai (Matrix)Elantra LaVita (FC) GLS hatchback pininfarina2011-present Hyundai Matrix 1.6 Comfort Pininfarina 2001 Hyundai Matrix2002-11 Daewoo Lacetti Pininfarina 2002 Daewoo Nubira/Lacetti saloon and station wagon2002-04 Ferrari Enzo Pininfarina Alexandre Prévot (1) 2002 Enzo Ferrari2002-06 Ferrari 575M Maranello Pininfarina 2002 Ferrari 575M Maranello2002-present Hafei Lobo Pininfarina 2002 Hafei Lobo1968 Maserati 4 Porte Pininfarina1971 Maserati Quattroporte AM121 Pininfarina1974 Maserati Medici Pininfarina Show car1986 Maserati Quattroporte III Pininfarina, seen in NY1987-1990 Maserati Quattroporte III Royale PininfarinaMaserati Quattroporte Pininfarina IV 22003 Maserati Quattroporte Pininfarina2012 Maserati Quattroporte Pininfarina VMaserati Quattroporte Sport Pininfarina GT 2003 Maserati QuattroporteFace Lifted Maserati Quattroporte Pininfarina2015 Maserati Quattroporte Pininfarina VI(16810746390)2012 Maserati Touring Superleggera Bellagio Pininfarina Fastback at Salon Privé2003 Ford StreetKa Pininfarina2004-11 Ferrari 612 Scaglietti Pininfarina 2004 Ferrari 612 Scaglietti2004-09 Ferrari F430 Pininfarina 2004 Ferrari F4302005-07 Hyundai Matrix Pininfarina front 2005 Hyundai Matrix2005-09 Peugeot 1007 Pininfarina 2005 Peugeot 10072006-12 Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano A6 Pininfarina 2006 Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano2006 mitsubishi colt czc pininfarina turbo 12006-08 Mitsubishi Colt CZC Pininfarina Worldwide2006-08 Mitsubishi Colt CZC Turbo Pininfarina Worldwide open 2006 Mitsubishi Colt CZCA Volvo C70 with retractable pininfarina hardtop 2006 Volvo C70 – Roof Structure engineering only2007–08 Hyundai Tiburon Pininfarina Coupé 2007 Hyundai Coupe

2007 Brilliance BS4 Pininfarina Zhonghua 2007 Brilliance BS4

2007 Chery A3 designed by Pininfarina 4-door sedan2012 Chery J3 (M1X) hatchback designed by pininfarina 2007 Chery A3 and Chery A3 Sport2007 Ford Focus Coupé-Cabriolet designed by Pininfarina 2007 Ford Focus CC by Pininfarina2008-17 Maserati Gran Turismo Pininfarina2013 Maserati GranTurismo Sport Pininfarina 2008 Maserati GranTurismo2008-13 Ferrari California designed by Pininfarina 2008 Ferrari California2009-15 Ferrari 458 Italia Pininfarina2011-16 Ferrari FF Pininfarina 2011 Ferrari FF2012-present Ferrari F12 berlinetta Pininfarina 2012 Ferrari F12 Berlinetta2016 Ferrari F12tdf pininfarina at the 2016 Goodwood Festival of Speed2014-present Ferrari California T Pininfarina 2014 Ferrari California T

Electric propulsion

2008 Pininfarina Bolloré B0 Pininfarina B0

Pin­in­fa­rina has an area ded­i­cated to the new elec­tric car Pin­in­fa­rina Bol­loré. Bat­ter­ies are pro­duced by the French Bol­loré Group.

Pin­in­fa­rina, has in­tro­duced its own elec­tric ve­hi­cle con­cept, the Pin­in­fa­rina B0 (pro­nounced “B Zero”). The four-seat hatch­back fea­tures a solid-state lithium-poly­mer bat­tery, su­per­ca­pac­i­tors, and a roof- in­te­grated solar panel to achieve a range of 153 miles (246 km). De­vel­oped in part­ner­ship with the Bolore Group, the ve­hi­cle is slated for lim­ited pro­duc­tion in 2009.

Pin­in­fa­rina will dis­play a tur­bine-pow­ered plug-in hy­brid called the Cam­biano at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show.

At the 2016 Geneva Motor Show Pin­in­fa­rina re­vealed the H2 Speed, an elec­tric sports car concept. The H2 Speed is a hy­dro­gen ve­hi­cle with two race-spec­i­fi­ca­tion elec­tric mo­tors which are fed by a hy­dro­gen fuel cell. The hy­dro­gen power unit was de­signed by Swiss com­pany GreenGT.

Other vehicles

Nautical design

• Primatist Aerotop Pininfarina range: G46, G53, B62, G70.
• Magnum Marine 80′ Series
• Pershing 88′ Pininfarina Limited Edition, a one-off body designed by Pininfarina. Yacht was used in a Visa Black Card commercial.
• Fincantieri Ottantacinque by Pininfarina Project.
• Schaefer 620 and 800 by Pininfarina, interiors.
• Persico Marine WallyCento Project.
• Azimut 65 Pininfarina.

Mass transport

2000 Mercedes-Benz O405G Hispano Habit

The ETR 500 Frecciarossa of the Italian Railways Pininfarina design

SBB Re 460 Schottikon alternate crop Pininfarina design

 1991-1997 Re 460 locomotive and IC 2000 train

1987–2000 ETR 500 Italian high-speed trainset

1991 SBB-CFF-FFS Re 460 (electric locomotive for the Swiss Federal Railways)

Treno ad alta frequentazione Pininfarina design 1996 ALe 426/506 TAF “High Occupancy Train” for Italian commuter lines.

IC2000 Zurich – Lucerne with the control car leading the train Pinifarina design 1997 IC 2000 (double-decker train for the Swiss Federal Railways, matching the electric locomotive Re 460)

• 1999–2007 AnsaldoBredaType 8 Green Line Trolley Car for the MBTA.
• 2000 Hispano CarroceraHabit buses.
• 2000 SBB-CFF-FFS RABDe 500 (tilting train for the Swiss Federal Railways)
• 2001 AnsaldoBredaBM72electric multiple unit trains for the Norwegian Railways.
• 2001 Cobra tram for Zürich.
• 2004 AnsaldoBredaSirio tram, Athens version
• 2005 AnsaldoBredaIC4 inter-city diesel multiple unit trains for the Danish railways.

2008 Ansaldo Breda Pininfarina Fyra V250 4806 2008 AnsaldoBredaV250 Albatros high-speed train for NS Hispeed

• 2009 AnsaldoBreda-Firema Metrostar, suburban train for Circumvesuviana in Naples
• 2009 Eurostar appoints Pininfarina to undertake design work for train refurbishment.

Other works

Pin­in­fa­rina also works with other com­pa­nies such as Sim­pleTech for prod­uct design.

Other Pin­in­fa­rina prod­uct de­signs in­clude the 2006 Win­ter Olympics torch, caul­dron and medals, as well as major ap­pli­ance col­lec­tions for Gorenje.

Pininfarina logo on Coca-Cola Freestyle machine

Pin­in­fa­rina was a de­sign con­trac­tor for the de­vel­op­ment of Coca-Cola Freestyle.

Subsidiaries

Pin­in­fa­rina Extra, founded in 1986, is the Pin­in­fa­rina Group de­sign com­pany which does not work in the trans­port sec­tor. Ex­am­ples include:

• The Keating Hotel in San Diego, California
• 1100 Millecento Residences interiors in Miami, Florida announced in 2012
• Beachwalk waterfront residences interiors in Hallandale Beach, Florida announced in 2013
• Pininfarina Wine

See also

• Mahindra & Mahindra
• Magna Steyr
• Heuliez
• Valmet Automotive
• Ken Okuyama
• Sergio Pininfarina
• Battista Farina
• Andrea Pininfarina

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External links

• Official website
• Pininfarina Sverige
• Foster, Patrick R. (Winter 2001). “Nashes With an Italian Accent” (PDF). FORWARD: The American Heritage of DaimlerChrysler: 33–37. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 April 2006. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
• BMC 1800 & 1100 – detail on these influential design proposals
• The Cisitalia 2002 at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.
• Cisitalia Museum
• The Keating Hotel in downtown San Diego.
• Pininfarina Wine
• Pininfarina at coachbuild.com

Coachbuilders of Italy
Allemano Balbo Boano Boneschi Bertone Castagna Cecomp Coggiola Colli Coriasco De Simon Ellena Fantuzzi Fioravanti Stabilimenti Farina Fissore Fontana Frua Garavini Ghia Ghia-Aigle Italdesign Giugiaro Francis Lombardi Maggiora Marazzi Monterosa Monviso Motto Morelli Motto OSI Pininfarina Scaglietti Scioneri Studiotorino Drogo Sports Cars Touring Vignale Viotti Zagato

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Škoda Auto

 

(Laurin & Klement and) Škoda Auto

Škoda Auto

Simply Clever
Type	Private company
Industry	Automotive
Predecessor	Laurin & Klement
Founded	18 December 1895; 120 years ago (as Laurin & Klement)
Founder	Václav Laurin and Václav Klement
Headquarters	Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic
Number of locations	Manufacturing facilities in Czech Republic, India, China, Russia and Slovakia. Contract partners in Kazakhstan and Ukraine. (2013)
Area served	Worldwide (except North America)
Key people	Bernhard Maier (Chairman of the Board of Directors) Christian Klingler (Chairman of the Supervisory Board)
Products	Automobiles
Production output	1,055,500 units (2015)
Revenue	CZK 299.318 billion (2014) (USD 12.37 billion)
Operating income	CZK 21.598 billion (2014) (USD 892 million)
Profit	CZK 18.421 billion (2014) (USD 761 million)
Number of employees	over 25,889 (2015)
Parent	Volkswagen Group
Divisions	Škoda Motorsport
Subsidiaries	Škoda Auto Deutschland GmbH Skoda Auto India Private Ltd. Škoda Auto Slovensko s.r.o.
Website	skoda-auto.com

Škoda Auto (Czech pronunciation: [ˈʃkoda] ( listen)), more commonly known as Škoda, is a Czech automobile manufacturer founded in 1895 as Laurin & Klement. It is headquartered in Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic.

In 1925 Laurin & Klement was acquired by Škoda Works which itself became state owned during the communist regime. After 1991 it was gradually privatized and in 2000 Škoda became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group.

Initially, the company was meant to serve the role of the VW Group’s entry brand. Over time, however, the Škoda brand has shifted progressively more upmarket, with most models overlapping with their Volkswagen counterparts on price and features, while eclipsing them on space. Its total global sales reached 1.06 million cars in 2015 and had risen annually by 1.8 percent, profit had risen by 6,5%. In 2015, a corporate strategy was launched to produce an all-electric car by 2020 or 2021 with a range of over 300 miles (480 km), 15-minute charging time, and a cost below comparative combustion-engine vehicles.

History

The Škoda Works were established as an arms manufacturing plant in 1859. Škoda Auto (and its predecessors) is one of the five oldest companies producing cars and has an unbroken history alongside Daimler, Opel, Peugeot and Tatra.

Laurin & Klement

Founders Václav Klement (left) and Václav Laurin (1895)

Laurin & Klement Type A (1905)

The origins of what became Škoda Auto go back to the early 1890s when, like many long-established car manufacturers, a company started manufacturing bicycles. Škoda (then Laurin & Klement) factories were founded in 1896 as a velocipede manufacturer.

In 1894, 26-year-old Václav Klement, who was a bookseller in Mladá Boleslav, Kingdom of Bohemia (today’s Czech Republic, then part of Austria-Hungary), was unable to obtain spare parts to repair his German bicycle. Klement returned his bicycle to the manufacturers, Seidel and Naumann, with a letter, in Czech, asking them to carry out repairs, only to receive a reply, in German, stating: “If you would like an answer to your inquiry, you should try writing in a language we can understand”. Not satisfied with the reply and realising the business potential, Klement, despite having no technical experience, decided to start a bicycle repair shop, which he and Václav Laurin opened in 1896 in Mladá Boleslav. Before going into partnership with Klement, Laurin was an established bicycle manufacturer in the nearby town of Turnov.

In 1898, after moving to their newly built factory, the pair bought a Werner “Motocyclette”. Laurin & Klement‘s first motorcyclette, powered by an engine mounted on the handlebars driving the front wheels, proved dangerous and unreliable—an early accident on it cost Laurin a front tooth. To design a safer machine with its structure around the engine, the pair wrote to German ignition specialist Robert Bosch for advice on a different electromagnetic system.

Their new Slavia motorcycle made its debut in 1899 and the company became the first motorcycle factory in the Central Europe. In 1900, with a company workforce of 32, Slavia exports began and 150 machines were shipped to London for the Hewtson firm. Shortly afterwards, the press credited them as makers of the first motorcycle.

By 1905 the firm was manufacturing automobiles, making it the second-oldest car manufacturer in the Czech lands after Tatra. The company, with an area of 7800 m², had a workforce of 320 and used 170 special machine-tools, power-driven by 100 hp of steam power. The first model, Voiturette A, was a success and the company was established both within Austria-Hungary and internationally.

Škoda

Škoda 422 (1929)

After World War I the Laurin & Klement company began producing trucks, but in 1924, after running into problems and being affected by a fire on their premises, the company sought a new partner.

Meanwhile, “Akciová společnost, dříve Škodovy závody” (Limited Company, formerly the Škoda Works), an arms manufacturer and multi-sector concern which had become one of the largest industrial enterprises in Europe and the largest in Czechoslovakia, sought to enlarge its non-arms manufacturing base and acquired Laurin & Klement in 1925. It also started manufacturing cars in cooperation with Hispano-Suiza. Most of the later production took place under Škoda’s name.

Engineer and industrialist Emil Škoda

Škoda logo in 1930s

An assembly line was used for production from 1930 onwards. In the same year a formal spin-off of the car manufacture into a new company, Akciová společnost pro automobilový průmysl or abbreviated ASAP, took place. ASAP remained a wholly owned subsidiary of the Škoda Works and continued to sell cars under the Škoda marque. Apart from the factory in Mladá Boleslav it included also the firm’s representation, sales offices and services, as well as a central workshop in Prague. At the time, the car factory in Mladá Boleslav covered an area of 215,000 m2 and employed 3,750 blue-collar and 500 white-collar workers.

After a decline caused by the economic depression, Škoda introduced a new line of cars in the 1930s which significantly differed from its previous products. A new design of chassis with backbone tube and all-around independent suspension was developed under the leadership of chief engineer Vladimír Matouš and modelled on the one first introduced by Hans Ledwinka in Tatra. First used on model Škoda 420 Standard in 1933, it aimed at solving insufficient torsional stiffness of the ladder frame.

The new design of chassis became the basis for models

1934-44 Škoda 420 Popular Popular (845-1,089 cc),1934 Škoda Popular Kupé  Rapid (1165–1766 cc),1936-41 Škoda Favorit (typ 904) limousine Favorit (1802–2091 cc) and the1939 Škoda Superb OHV Superb(2.5–4 l). While in 1933 Škoda had a 14% share of the Czechoslovak car market and occupied third place behind Praga and Tatra, the new line made it a market leader by 1936, with a 39% share in 1938.

World War II

During the occupation of Czechoslovakia in World War II the Škoda Works were turned into part of the Reichswerke Hermann Göring serving the German war effort by producing components for military terrain vehicles, military planes, other weapon components and cartridge cases. Vehicle output decreased from 7,052 in 1939 to 683 in 1944, of which only 35 were passenger cars. A total of 316 trucks were produced between January and May 1945. The UK and US air forces bombed the Škoda works repeatedly between 1940 and 1945. The final massive air raid took place on 25 April 1945 and resulted in almost the complete destruction of the Škoda armament works and approximately 1,000 dead and injured.

Post World War II

Škoda 1101 Tudor Roadster (1949)

When, by July 1945, the Mladá Boleslav factory had been reconstructed, production of Škoda’s first post-World War II car, the 1101 series began. It was essentially an updated version of the pre-World War II Škoda Popular. In the autumn of 1948, Škoda (along with all other large manufacturers) became part of the communist planned economy, which meant it was separated from the parent company, Škoda Works. In spite of unfavourable political conditions and losing contact with technical development in non-communist countries, Škoda retained a good reputation until the 1960s, producing models such as the Škoda 440 Spartak, 445 Octavia, Felicia and Škoda 1000 MB.

Škoda Octavia Super (1960)

In late 1959, the Škoda Felicia, a compact four-cylinder convertible coupe, was imported into the United States for model year 1960. Its retail price was around US$2,700, for which one could purchase a nicely-equipped V8 domestic car that was larger, more comfortable, and had more luxury and convenience features (gasoline retailed for less than 30 cents per gallon, so fuel economy was not of primary importance in America at that time). Those Felicias that made it to American ownership soon experienced a number of reliability problems, further damaging the car’s reputation. The Felicia was therefore a poor seller in the States and leftover cars ended up being hied off at a fraction of the original retail list. Since that time, Škoda automobiles have not been imported into the U.S. for retail sale.

Škoda MB 1000 (1966)

In the late 1980s, Škoda (then named Automobilové závody, národní podnik or abbreviated AZNP) was still manufacturing cars that conceptually dated back to the 1960s. Rear-engined models such as the Škoda 105/120, Estelle and Rapid sold steadily and performed well against more modern makes in races such as the RAC Rally in the 1970s and 1980s. They won their class in the RAC rally for 17 years running. They were powered by a 130 brake horsepower (97 kW), 1,289 cubic centimetres (78.7 cu in) engine. In spite of its dated image and becoming the subject of negative jokes, Škodas remained a common sight on the roads of UK and Western Europe throughout the 1970s and 1980s.

Sport versions of the Estelle and earlier models were produced, using the name “Rapid”. Soft-top versions were also available. The Rapid was once described as the “poor man’s Porsche”, and had significant sales success in the UK during the 1980s.

“Of course, that the Škoda became such a figure of fun was in part due to its ubiquity on Britain’s roads. The company must have been doing something right.”(from a BBC report on Škoda sales in 1980s)

In 1987 the1989 Skoda Favorit Bertone Favorit was introduced, and was one of a triumvirate of compact Western-influenced front-wheel drive hatchbacks from the three main Eastern Bloc manufacturers around that time, the others being VAZ‘s1993 Lada Samara 1500 Lada Samara and Zastava‘sYugo Sana. The Favorit’s appearance was the work of the Italian design company Bertone. With some motor technology licensed from western Europe, but still using the Škoda-designed 1289 cc engine, Škoda engineers designed a car comparable to western production. The technological gap was still there, but began closing rapidly. The Favorit was very popular in Czechoslovakia and other Eastern Bloc countries. It also sold well in Western Europe, especially in the UK and Denmark due to its low price and was regarded as solid and reliable. However, it was perceived as having poor value compared with contemporary Western European designs. The Favorit’s trim levels were improved and it continued to be sold until the introduction of the Felicia in 1994.

Volkswagen Group subsidiary

2015 Skoda Superb II

Škoda Auto is one of the largest car manufacturers in Central Europe. In 2014, 1.037.200 cars were sold worldwide, a record for the company

The fall of communism with the Velvet Revolution brought great changes to Czechoslovakia and most industries were subject to privatization. In the case of Škoda Automobile, the state authorities brought in a strong foreign partner. Volkswagen was chosen by the Czech government on 9 December 1990, and, as a result, on 28 March 1991 a joint-venture partnership agreement with Volkswagen took place, marked by the transfer of a 30% share to the Volkswagen Group on 16 April 1991. By this stage, Škoda was still making its outdated range of rear engine saloons, although it had started production of the Favorit front-wheel drive hatchback in 1988 as an eventual replacement.

In the following years, Škoda became the fourth brand of the German group, as the Volkswagen Group raised its equity share first on 19 December 1994, to 60.3%, followed on 11 December 1995, to 70%.

In the competition for Škoda, Volkswagen was pitted against French car-maker Renault, which lost out because its strategic plan did not include producing high-value models in the Czech factories; Renault proposed to manufacture the Renault Twingo city car in the Škoda factories.

At the time the decision was made, privatization to a major German company was somewhat controversial, since there was still anti-German sentiment lingering in the Czech Republic from WW2 and its aftermath. However, it could be argued that the subsequent fortunes of other Eastern-Bloc automobile manufacturers such as Lada, AutoVAZ, and of Škoda Works itself – once Škoda Auto’s parent company – suggested that Volkswagen’s involvement was not necessarily a result of poor judgement.

Backed by Volkswagen Group expertise and investments, the design — both style and engineering — has improved greatly. The 1994 modelFelicia was effectively a reskin of the Favorit, but quality and equipment improvements helped, and in the Czech Republic the car was perceived as good value for money and became popular. Sales improved across Europe, including the United Kingdom, where the Felicia was one of the best-ranking cars in customer satisfaction surveys.

Volkswagen AG chairman Ferdinand Piëch personally chose Dirk van Braeckel as head of design, and the subsequent Octavia and Fabia models made their way to the demanding European Union markets. They are built on common Volkswagen Group floorpans. The Fabia, launched at the end of 1999, formed the basis for later versions of the Volkswagen Polo and SEAT Ibiza, while the Octavia, launched in 1996, has shared its floorpan with a host of cars, the most popular of which is the Volkswagen Golf.

2014 Skoda Octavia Combi RS (III) Octavia is the best selling Škoda

The perception of Škoda in Western Europe has completely changed since the takeover by VW, in stark comparison with the reputation of the cars throughout the 1980s—often described as “the laughing stock” of the automotive world. As technical development progressed and attractive new models were marketed, Škoda’s image was initially slow to improve. In the UK, a major turnabout was achieved with the ironic “It is a Škoda, honest” campaign, which began in 2000 when the Fabia launched. In a 2003 advertisement on British television, a new employee on the production line is fitting Škoda badges on the car bonnets. When some attractive looking cars come along he stands back, not fitting the badge, since they look so good they cannot be Škodas. This market campaign worked by confronting Škoda’s image problem head-on — a tactic which marketing professionals regarded as high risk. By 2005 Škoda was selling over 30,000 cars a year in the UK, a market share of over 1%. For the first time in its UK history, a waiting list developed for deliveries from Škoda. UK owners have consistently ranked the brand at or near the top of customer satisfaction surveys since the late 1990s.

Growth strategy

Škoda Auto plant in Mladá Boleslav

2010 was a year of important changes for Škoda Auto, in terms of both products and management. On 1 September 2010, Prof. Dr. h.c. Winfried Vahland assumed responsibility for the management of the company, becoming the CEO of Škoda Auto. Under Vahland’s leadership, Škoda set forth plans to double the company’s annual sales to at least 1.5 million by 2018 (later known as the ‘Growth Strategy’, Czech: ‘Růstová strategie’).

At the 2010 Paris Motor Show in September 2010, the company unveiled the Octavia Green E Line. This e-car concept was the forerunner to the e-car test fleet that Škoda released in 2012. The final 1st-generation Octavia (Tour) was produced at the Mladá Boleslav plant in November 2010. The worldwide production of this model exceeded 1.4 million units since its release in 1996. In 2010 for the first time in history, China overtook German sales to become Škoda’s largest individual market.

In 2011, Škoda Auto celebrated its 20-year partnership with the Volkswagen Group. More than 75,000 visitors attended an open-house event held in Mladá Boleslav in the April. Earlier that year, the company provided details on its 2018 Growth Strategy: for at least one new or completely revised model to be released every six months. With this in mind, the company redesigned its logo and CI, which was presented at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show. Škoda’s main attraction at the event was the VisionD design concept; a forerunner to the future 3rd generation Octavia. Škoda presented the MissionL design study at the IAA in Frankfurt am Main in September, which was to become the basis of the company’s forthcoming compact model theEuropean Rapid.

In the same year, the company started production of the new Rapid model in Pune, India (October 2011), and launched the Citigo at Volkswagen’s Bratislava plant (November 2011).

In 2012 Škoda introduced two new mass production models. The European version of the Rapid premiered at the Paris Motor Show. This car was a successor to the 1st-generation Octavia in terms of its price bracket. The second model was the 3rd-generation Octavia, which premiered In December 2012. In the same month, local production of the Yeti was launched at the Nizhny Novgorod GAZ factory.

In 2012 Škoda introduced an emission-free fleet of Octavia Green E Line e-cars on Czech roads to be used by external partners. Since internal tests on the fleet in late 2011, the e-fleet had driven more than 250,000 km. During the same year, Škoda celebrated several milestones, including fourteen million Škoda cars being produced since 1905 (January), three million Fabias (May), 500,000 Superbs at the Kvasiny plant (June ) and 5 years of Škoda operations in China.

Massive rejuvenation of the model range was a major tune for 2013 at Škoda: The Czech car maker launched the third-generation Octavia Combi and Octavia RS (both liftback and estate) as well as facelifted Superb and Superb Combi. They were accompanied by brand new members of the Rapid family as the Rapid Spaceback, the first Škoda hatchback car in the compact segment, and the Chinese version of the Rapid. The Yeti also faced significant changes. With the facelift, two design variants of Škoda’s compact SUV are now available: city-like Yeti and rugged Yeti Outdoor. Chinese customers were also given a Yeti with an extended wheelbase.

In 2015, Volkswagen admitted that it had installed pollution-cheating software in many of its cars to fool regulators that its cars met emissions standards when in fact they polluted at much higher-levels than government standards. 1.2 million Skoda cars worldwide were fitted with this emissions-cheating device. Skoda stated that Volkswagen would recall and cover refitting costs for all of the cars affected by the Volkswagen emissions testing scandal.

In 2015 Škoda was voted the most dependable car brand in the UK. Škoda Auto is planning to manufacture a large, seven-seatSUV Škoda Kodiaq, which should be a true off-roader and will be introduced at the Paris Motor Show in October 2016.

As of August 2016, Skoda was being sold in 102 countries with planned expansions to South Korea, Singapore and Iran within a year. The decision whether to expand into the North American market is planned to be made in 2017.

Electrification strategy

In 2015, new Škoda chairman Bernhard Maier stated that the Volkswagen Group “is working on a modular, new electric platform and we are in the team”, and that “there is no alternative to electrification.”The target of Škoda is to produce an electric car with a range of over 300 miles (480 km), 15-minute charging time and a cost below a comparative combustion-engine vehicle. New Škoda corporate “Strategy 2025”, which replaces the previous “Strategy 2018”, aims to start production of a fully electric vehicle in 2020 or 2021, after a plug-in hybrid Superb in 2019.

Financial results

ŠKODA has maintained sound financial stability over recent years. In 2013 the brand achieved sales revenues totalling €10.3 billion (2012: €10.4 billion). Due to the weak economic situation in many European countries and the expansion of the ŠKODA model range, operating profit reached a modest 522 million euros (2012: €712 million). ŠKODA achieved a successful start to 2014: As well as recording the highest number of deliveries to customers in a first quarter ever (247,200; up 12.1%), ŠKODA recorded a significant increase in sales revenue (23.7%) to almost 3 billion euros. Operating profit increased 65.2% to 185 million Euros over the previous year.

Production

Škoda cars are now produced in production facilities in the Czech Republic, China, Russia, India and Slovakia. A smaller number of Škoda models are additionally manufactured in Öskemen, Kazakhstan and Solomonovo, Ukraine through local partners. The following table lists the factories and their production models in 2015.

Manufacturing plant	Production models	Location
Mladá Boleslav (Czech Republic)	Fabia, Octavia, Rapid	50.421111°N 14.930556°E
Kvasiny (Czech Republic)	Superb, Yeti	50.204722°N 16.257778°E
Vrchlabí (Czech Republic)	transmissions	50.610972°N 15.624444°E
Bratislava (Slovakia)	Citigo	48.234135°N 16.98791°E
Pune (India)	Rapid (India)	18.74228667°N 73.81853167°E
Aurangabad (India)	Octavia, Superb, Yeti	19.873056°N 75.488333°E
Kaluga (Russia)	Fabia, Rapid	54.574444°N 36.344444°E
Nizhny Novgorod (Russia)	Yeti, Octavia	56.242235°N 43.887655°E
Anting (China)	Fabia, Octavia, Yeti	31.295833°N 121.177778°E
Yizheng (China)	Rapid (China)	32.28959667°N 119.2043183°E
Ningbo (China)	Octavia, Superb	29.870681°N 121.5464325°E

Motorsport

 Škoda Supersport (1951)

With Škoda Fabia R5, Škoda Motorsport team won the 2015 World Rally Championship-2, which focuses on production-based cars

Main article: Škoda Motorsport

World Rally Championship

Main article: World Rally Championship

Following a long history of class victories in lower levels of motorsport, Škoda became a participant in the FIA World Rally Championship in the 1999 season, with World Rally Car models of the Škoda Octavia. Škoda’s best result with the Octavia WRC was Armin Schwarz‘s third place at the 2001 Safari Rally. From mid 2003, the Octavia was replaced by the smaller Škoda Fabia. Škoda used the 2004 season to develop the car further, but did not achieve much success the following season. However, at the season-ending Rally Australia, 1995 world champion Colin McRae was running second before retiring. Škoda then withdrew from the series, and the 2006 season saw Škoda represented by the semi-privateer Red Bull Škoda Team. Jan Kopecký drove the Fabia WRC to fifth place at the Rally Catalunya, and as late as the 2007 Rallye Deutschland the Fabia still achieved a fifth-place result, again in the hands of Kopecký. Former works Ford and Citroen driver François Duval also drove a Fabia WRC in 2006 for the privateer First Motorsport team, achieving a sixth-place finish in Catalunya.

World Rally Championship-2

Main article: World Rally Championship-2

In 2009, Škoda entered the Intercontinental Rally Challenge (IRC) for the first time, using the Fabia S2000, winning three rallies and finishing second in both the drivers and manufacturers championship. In 2010, Škoda won a total of seven IRC events winning both the manufacturers and driver championship for Juho Hänninen. These achievements were repeated in the following two seasons, with Andreas Mikkelsen as the drivers’ champion. In 2013, the Intercontinental Rally Challenge was merged with the European Rally Championship (ERC) and the team gained the drivers’ championship title once again for Jan Kopecký. The car was also raced by privateers in several championships, including Red Bull, Barwa, Rene Georges and Rufa in the 2010 Super 2000 World Rally Championship.

Bonneville Speedway

In August 2011, a special Škoda Octavia vRS set the world record at the Bonneville Speedway and became the fastest car in the world with an engine up to two litres, when it hit 227 mph (365 km/h). The current fastest production Škoda car is the Škoda Superb III, with a top speed of 250 km/h (160 mph) and an acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62 mph) in 5.8 seconds.

Models

Current models

Škoda Yeti – Mini SUV (2009–present)Škoda Superb III – Executive car (2015–present)Škoda Octavia III – Large family car (2013–present)Škoda Rapid – Small family car (2012–present)Škoda Fabia III – Supermini (2014–present)Škoda Citigo – City car (2011–present)

• 

  Škoda Yeti (2009–present)

  

  Škoda Superb III (2015–present)

• 

  Škoda Octavia III (2013–present)

• 

  Škoda Rapid (2012–present; International)

• 

  Škoda Rapid (2011–present; India)

• 

  Škoda Fabia III (2014–present)

• 

  Škoda Citigo (2011–present)

Historic models

1900s

Laurin & Klement G

1905-laurin-klement-typ-a-in-wolfsburg Laurin & Klement A (1905–1907)1907 Laurin & Klement B2 10-12 HP, Rakousko-Uhersko (Čechy) Laurin & Klement B (1906–1908)

Laurin & Klement C (1906–1908)

1907 Laurin & Klement typ D 3391ccm Laurin & Klement D (1906–1907)

Laurin & Klement E (1906–1909)

Laurin & Klement B2 (1907–1908)Laurin & Klement C2 (1907–1908)

Laurin & Klement F (1907–1909)Laurin & Klement FF (1907)Laurin & Klement FC (1907–1909)1910 Laurin & Klement typ HL 7359ccm1912 Laurin & Klement typ HLB 7964ccm Laurin & Klement HO/ HL/HLb (1907–1913)1910 Škoda Laurin & Klement BS Laurin & Klement BS (1908–1909)Laurin & Klement FCS (1908–1909)Laurin & Klement G (1908–1911)Laurin & Klement DO/DL (1909–1912)Laurin & Klement FDO/FDL (1909–1915)

? Laurin & Klement EN (1909–1910)Laurin & Klement FN/GDV/RC (1909–1913)Laurin & Klement FCR (1909)

• Laurin & Klement L/LO (1909–1911)

1910

1920 Laurin & Klement 300 ‚Makina’ Laurin & Klement 300

1913 Laurin & Klement S1909 Laurin & Klement EN, ENS, ENM 5692ccmLaurin & Klement ENS Laurin & Klement ENS (1910–1911)

• 
• Laurin & Klement K/Kb/LOKb (1911–1915)

? Laurin & Klement LK (1911–1912)Laurin & Klement S/Sa (1911–1916)Laurin & Klement DN (1912–1915)Laurin & Klement RK (1912–1916)Laurin & Klement Sb/Sc (1912–1915)1920 Laurin & Klement typ Mh 4712ccm

? Laurin & Klement M/Mb/MO (1913–1915)

? Laurin & Klement MK/400 (1913–1924)

?  Laurin & Klement O/OK (1913–1916)

?  Laurin & Klement Sd/Se/Sg/Sk (1913–1917)

?  Laurin & Klement Ms (1914–1920)

?   Laurin & Klement Sh/Sk (1914–1917)

?   Laurin & Klement T/Ta (1914–1921)

?   Laurin & Klement Si/Sl/Sm/So/200/205 (1916–1924)

?     Laurin & Klement Md/Me/Mf/Mg/Mh/Mi/Ml/300/305 (1917–1923)

1920s

Laurin & Klement – Škoda 110 (1925)Laurin & Klement MS/540/545 (1920–1923)Laurin & Klement Škoda 545 (1924–1927)

Škoda 422 (1929–1932)

Škoda 430 (1929–1936)

1930s

Skoda 633 (1933)

Škoda Popular (1934–1944)Škoda 633 (1931–1934)Škoda 637 (1932–1935)Škoda 420 Standard/Rapid/Popular (1933–1938)1935 Škoda Rapid Saloon type 901 Škoda Rapid (1935–1947)Škoda Favorit (1936–1941)Škoda Superb (1934–1943)

1940s

Škoda Superb (1940)

Škoda Rapid (1940) Škoda Superb OHV (1946–1949)Škoda 1101 Tudor (1946–1949)Škoda 1102 (1948–1952)Škoda VOS (1949–1952)

1950s

Škoda 1201 Sedan (1957)

ŠŠkoda 450 (1957)

Škoda 1200 (1952–1955)Škoda 440/445/450 (1955–1959)Škoda 1201 (1955–1962)Škoda Felicia (1959–1964)

1959-71 Škoda Octavia Škoda Octavia (1959–1964)

1960s

Škoda 1202 (1961–1973)

Škoda Octavia Combi Škoda Octavia Combi (1964–1971)

Škoda 1000 MB (1964–1969)Škoda 1203 (1968–1999)1972 Škoda 100 LŠkoda 110LS Škoda 100/110 (1969–1977)

1970s

1977 Škoda 110R Coupé Škoda 110 R (1970–1980)

1982 Škoda 105 S model1978 Škoda 120 GLS modelŠkoda 120 Turnov Alofok

Škoda 105/120/125 (1976–1990)

1980s

1982 Skoda Garde Coupé 2+2, 1174ccm, 42kW by 5200rpm, top speed 153 km-h Škoda Garde (1981–1984)Škoda 130 estelle1985 Škoda Rapid 1301985 Škoda Rapid 135 RiCŠkoda Rapid 136 LDD Estelle Cabrio Škoda 130/135/136 (1984–1990)Škoda Rapid (1984) (1984–1990)1989 Škoda FavoritŠkoda FormanŠkoda Pick-up, Brno, Czech Republic Škoda Favorit/Forman/Pick-up (1987–1995)

1990s

Škoda Felicia (1994–2001)Škoda Octavia first generation (1996–2004,Tour 2004–2010)Škoda Fabia first generation (1999–2007)

2000s

Škoda Superb first generation (2001–2008)Škoda Octavia second generation {2004-2013}Škoda Roomster/Praktik – LAV (2006–2015)Škoda Superb second generation (2008–2015)

Concept cars

Škoda SUV model (2016)

• Vision C (2013)
• MissionL (2011)
• Vision D (2011)
• Fabia Super (2007)
• Joyster (2006)
• Yeti II (2006)
• Roomster (2003)
• Tudor (2002)
• Fabia Paris Edition (2002)
• Ahoj (2002)
• Felicia Golden Prague (1998)
• 783 Favorit Coupé (1987)
• Škoda 110 Super Sport Ferat (1971)

Škoda 1100 GT (1968)

• Škoda 720 (1967–1972)
• Škoda F3 (1964)
• Škoda 1100 Type 968 (1958)
• Škoda 973 Babeta (1949)

• 

  Škoda 110 Super Sport (Ferat)

• 

  ŠKODA Joyster

  Video’s and ads by You Tube:

  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ARgdkAGX1k8

Logo

In 1923, two different trademarks were registered at the Office for Innovation and Model Registration in Plzeň. The first depicted a winged arrow pointing to the right with five feathers in a circle and the second was a winged arrow with three feathers. The famous winged arrow with three feathers still forms the Škoda logo today. The ŠKODA text was added to the logo in 1936. The arrow represents speed, the wings progress and freedom, the eye precision and the circle unity, completeness, world and harmony.

See also

• Czech Republic portal
• Companies portal
• Cars portal

• Avia
• List of Czech automobiles
• Škoda India
• Škoda Works
• Tatra

Bibliography

• Margolius, Ivan & Meisl, Charles (1992). Škoda Laurin & Klement. London: Osprey. ISBN 1-85532-237-4.

Notes

1. Jump up^ More information about the Werner motor bicycles: Twycross, Tony (April 2005). “Auto Cycling, 1890s Style”. The Moped Archive.
2. Jump up^ Includes sales of the Škoda Favorit, produced until 1995.

References

1. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c} “Record-breaking 2015: ŠKODA Delivers 1.06 Million Cars to Customers”. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
2. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c} ŠKODA Annual Report 2014 (PDF) (Report). Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic: ŠKODA AUTO a.s. 10 March 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
3. Jump up^ Škoda history Official website
4. Jump up^ “Alle VW-Konzernmodelle Teil 3: Seat und Skoda” (in German). Autozeitung.de. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
5. Jump up^ “Volkswagen mulls emerging markets brand to take on Dacia”. GoAutoMedia. 2 November 2010.
6. Jump up^ Skoda Auto with profit up 6.5 pct to record EUR708m in 2015
7. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c} Julian Rendell. Skoda electric vehicle under development. Autocar. Published on March 16, 2016.
8. Jump up^ “Digitální továrna společnosti Škoda Auto” (in Czech). Automa. December 2012.
9. Jump up^ Piotr S. Wandycz, ‘The Price of Freedom: A History of East Central Europe from the Middle Ages to The Present’, (London, 1992), p. 171
10. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c} “Český průmyslový svět – 1905”. Digital library of the National Library ČR.
11. Jump up^ “Skoda Works”. classiccar4you.
12. Jump up^ “Skoda Company History”. CarAutoPortal.com. Retrieved 10 August 2009.
13. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c} Králík, Jan (2008), V soukolí okřídleného šípu, Grada Publishing a.s., pp. 19–22
14. Jump up^ Pavlínek, Petr (2008). A Successful Transformation? Restructuring of the Czech Automobile Industry. Physica-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-7908-2040-9. ISBN 978-3-7908-2039-3.
15. Jump up^ HELL FROM HEAVEN – Chapter 35 – Mission 31 – Pilsen, Czechoslovakia – Our Last Combat Mission – April 25, 1945 – By Leonard Streitfeld, Bombardier, 600th Squadron. 398th.org (1945-04-25). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.
16. Jump up^ Paul Burrows (13 March 2008). “Czech-in time for Skoda”. AVHub.
17. Jump up^ “Skoda has last laugh”. BBC News. 24 February 2000.
18. Jump up^ Mladá Boleslav (6 October 2004). “ŠKODA AUTO a.s.” (PDF). Volkswagen Group.
19. Jump up^ “Skoda’s Marketing Success Goes From Strength To Strength”. Carpages. 17 December 2002.
20. Jump up^ Kevin Massy (28 January 2008). “Skoda flagship to get VW’s premium nav system”. CNET Reviews. Retrieved 6 February2010.
21. Jump up^ Jez Spinks (15 October 2007). “Skoda Octavia: first drive of the ‘budget’ VW”. Drive.com.au.
22. Jump up^ Steve Kealy (16 February 2010). “Skoda Octavia Scout 4×4”. Carsales.com.au.
23. Jump up^ “4. BRAND STRATEGY” (PDF). The Chartered Institute of Marketing. 7 April 2003. pp. 22–23. Archived from the original(PDF) on 29 October 2008.
24. Jump up^ Paul McVeigh (2 November 2010). “Automotive News Europe”. Automotive News Europe.
25. Jump up^ “Automotive News Europe”. Automotive News Europe. 12 February 2012.
26. Jump up^ “The Prague Post”. The Prague Post. 2 March 2011.
27. Jump up^ Matt Prior. “Autocar”. Autocar.
28. Jump up^ “RT”. RT. 14 June 2011.
29. ^ Jump up to:^{a b} Alexander Rogan (6 December 2012). “Russia Suppy Chain”. Russia Suppy Chain.
30. Jump up^ “Volkswagen”. Volkswagen. 21 November 2013.
31. Jump up^ Tim Harrup (11 May 2012). “FleetEurope”. FleetEurope.
32. Jump up^ Karthik H (30 December 2013). “Indian Autos Blog”.
33. Jump up^ “VW scandal: German prosecutors probe Winterkorn as Volkswagen emissions-rigging crisis spreads to 2.1 million Audi cars and Skoda models”. Retrieved 2015-09-28.
34. Jump up^ Skoda wins top JD Power honours for dependability
35. Jump up^ Auto Express, Skoda’s large SUV spied testing again
36. Jump up^ “Kodiaq moment: snapshots of Skoda’s 7-seat SUV”. CAR magazine. 29 July 2016.
37. Jump up^ Václav Lavička. Nenápadná Škoda je ziskovější než hrdá Audi. Ostatním v koncernu může sloužit za vzor, tvrdí německý tisk. Hospodářské noviny. Published on August 1, 2016.
38. Jump up^ “Case study: Skoda”. Tcworld.info. December 2008. Archived from the original on 10 February 2011.
39. Jump up^ “GENERAL PRESENTATION ŠKODA 2008” (PDF). Institute for Industrial and Financial Management. p. 15. Retrieved 28 August2011.
40. Jump up^ “ŠKODA AUTO a.s.” (PDF). Prague: Volkswagen Group. 21 June 2004.
41. Jump up^ vwagfy2012 (PDF). 15 March 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
42. Jump up^ “ŠKODA 2013: Success with new models”. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
43. Jump up^ “Škoda Annual Report 2015” (PDF). Škoda.
44. Jump up^ “Škoda Octavia vRS je nejrychlejším dvoulitrem světa” [Skoda Octavia VRS is the fastest two-liter in the world] (in Czech). IHNED.cz. 28 August 2011.
45. Jump up^ Plzeňská Škodovka změnila logo
46. Jump up^ Na šumperském Parsu se skví legendární logo s okřídleným šípem a nápis Škoda

LANCIA Trucks

Lancia 1906-2014 Turin, Italy Present Time Chrysler and FIAT IVECO

Lancia Automobiles S.p.A.

Formerly called	Lancia & C. Fabbrica Automobili
Type	Società per azioni
Industry	Automotive
Founded	29 November 1906
Founder	Vincenzo Lancia
Headquarters	Turin, Italy
Key people	John Elkann (President) Saad Chehab (CEO of Lancia and Chrysler brand) CEO of Lancia – Antonella Bruno (since 23 April 2013)
Products	Cars, Buses, Trucks
Production output	71,223 (2013)
Owner	Fiat Chrysler Automobiles
Parent	FCA Italy
Website	lancia.com

Lancia (Italian pronunciation: [ˈlantʃa]) is an Italian automobile manufacturer founded in 1906 by Vincenzo Lancia as Lancia & C.. It became part of the Fiat Group in 1969; the current company, Lancia Automobiles S.p.A., was established in 2007.

The company has a strong rally heritage and is noted for using letters of the Greek alphabet for its model names.

Lancia vehicles are no longer sold outside of Italy, and comprise only the Ypsilon supermini range, as Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne foreshadowed in January 2014.

History

Lancia Beta Torpedo (1909)

In 1910 Lancia components were exported to the United States where they were assembled and sold as SGV’s by the SGV Company. In 1915, Lancia also manufactured its first truck, the Jota that continued as a dedicated series. In 1937, Vincenzo died of a heart attack and both his wife, Adele Miglietti Lancia, and his son, Gianni Lancia, took over control of the company. They persuaded Vittorio Jano to join as an engineer. Jano had already made a name for himself by designing various Alfa Romeo models, including some of its most successful race cars ever such as the 6C, P2 and P3. Foundation and early years

Lancia & C. Fabbrica Automobili was founded on 29 November 1906 in Turin by Fiat racing drivers, Vincenzo Lancia (1881-1937) and his friend, Claudio Fogolin (1872-1945). The first car manufactured by Lancia was the“Tipo 51” or “12 HP” (later called “Alfa”), which remained in production between from 1907 to 1908. It had a small four-cylinder engine with a power output of 28 hp.

Lancia is renowned in the automotive world for introducing cars with numerous innovations. These include the

Theta of 1913, which was the first European production car to feature a complete electrical system as standard equipment. Lancia’s first car adopting a monocoque chassis – the

Lancia Lambda

Lambda produced from 1922 to 1931 – featured ‘Sliding Pillar‘ independent front suspension that incorporated the spring and hydraulic damper into a single unit (a feature that would be employed in subsequent Lancia’s, up to the Appia that was replaced in 1963). 1948 saw the first 5 speed gearbox to be fitted to a production car (Series 3 Ardea). Lancia premiered the first full-production V6 engine, in the 1950 Aurelia, after earlier industry-leading experiments with V8 and V12 engine configurations. It was also the first manufacturer to produce a V4 engine. Other innovations involved the use of independent suspension in production cars (in an era where live axles where common practice for both the front and rear axles of a car) and rear transaxles, which were first fitted to the Aurelia and Flaminia range. This drive for innovation, constant quest for excellence, fixation of quality, complex construction processes and antiqued production machinery meant that all cars essentially had to be hand-made. With little commonality between the various models, the cost of production continued to increase extensively, while demand did not eventually affecting Lancia’s viability.

Gianni Lancia, a graduate engineer was president of Lancia from 1947 to 1955. In 1956 the Pesenti family took over control of Lancia with Carlo Pesenti (1907–1984) in charge.

1969 to present

Fiat launched a take-over bid in October 1969 which was accepted by Lancia as the company was losing significant sums of money, with losses in 1969 being GB£20m. This was not the end of the distinctive Lancia marque, and new models in the 1970s such as the Stratos, Gamma and Beta served to prove that Fiat wished to preserve the image of the brand it had acquired.

During the 1970s and 1980s, Lancia had great success in rallying, winning many World Rally Championships.

During the 1980s, the company cooperated with Saab Automobile, with the Lancia Delta being sold as the Saab 600 in Sweden. The 1985 Lancia Thema also shared a platform with the Saab 9000, Fiat Croma and the Alfa Romeo 164. During the 1990s, all models were closely related to other Fiat models.

Starting from 1 February 2007, Fiat’s automotive operations were reorganised. Fiat Auto became Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A., Fiat S.p.A.‘s branch handling mainstream automotive production. Simultaneously the current company, Lancia Automobiles S.p.A., was created from the pre-existing brand, and controlled 100% by FGA. In 2011, Lancia moved in a new direction and added new models manufactured by Chrysler and sold under the Lancia badge in many European markets. Conversely, Lancia built models began to be sold in right-hand drive markets under the Chrysler badge. In 2015 Lancia’s parent company Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A. became FCA Italy S.p.A., reflecting the earlier incorporation of Fiat S.p.A. into Fiat Chrysler Automobiles.

Logo

1907 Lancia radiator script

1929–1957 Lancia logo

1974–2000 Lancia logo

1907

From 1907 to 1910 Lancia cars didn’t bear a true badge, but rather a brass plaque identifying the manufacturer (Lancia & C.) and chassis code; although some models did have a brass Lancia script on the grille.

1911

The original Lancia logo was designed by Count Carlo Biscaretti di Ruffia. In 1910 Vincenzo Lancia asked Biscaretti di Ruffia to design a badge for the company; the Count submitted six watercolour proposal sketches. Vincenzo Lancia chose a round one, composed by a blue lance and flag bearing a Lancia script (“Lancia” means “lance” in Italian) in gold, over a four-spoke steering wheel, with a hand throttle detail on the right spoke. The first car to bear the Lancia logo was the Gamma 20 HP in 1911.

1929

In 1929 the logo acquired its final layout: the previous round badge was superimposed on a blue shield in the shape of a Reuleaux triangle (as found in one of Biscaretti di Ruffia’s six original proposals). Though first applied on the 1929 Dikappa, this badge was only used consintently starting with the 1936 Aprilia.

1957

Beginning with the 1957 Flaminia, Lancia cars switched from the traditional vertical split grille to an horizontal, full-width one. The logo was therefore moved inside the grille opening, and changed to a more stylized chromed metal open-work design; shield and steering wheel became chrome frames, the only remaining enameled surface being the blue field of the flag. This new metal logo was used on most models with some exceptions, namely Zagato-bodied Lancia Fulvias and Flavias, the Lancia 2000 Berlina (which reprised the traditional upright grille and the round enameled badge) and the Stratos HF (whose ornaments lacked the triangular shield).

1974

In 1974 the badge was redesigned on Gianni Agnelli‘s request; it went back to a modernised silver, white and blue version of the 1929 design. Flag and lance were unified in a single shape and dispensed with the earlier minute detailing, the Lancia letters became all of the same size, and the steering wheel became also outlined in blue and lost the hand throttle detail. This logo debuted on the 1979 Lancia Delta, and made its way on the other models as they adopted the split grille introduced by the Delta. Though lightly revised in 2000 with the addition of a chrome shield surround, the 1974 logo was used through four decades, up to 2006.

2007

The current logo, designed by Robilant Associati, was presented at the 2007 Geneva Motor Show—a couple of months after the creation of Lancia Automobiles. While the traditional chrome-framed blue shield has been retained and made three-dimensional, for the first time since 1911 lance and flag are absent; the steering wheel has been stylized into a chromed circle, from which two spikes converge towards the modern Lancia logotype in the centre.

Lancia family

Cavalier Giuseppe Lancia (1860 (Cuneo) – 1919 (Bordighera)) is an Italian businessman and father of Vincenzo Lancia. When he was sixteen he started a business with food in Italy. Later for few years he made relationships with South America and he created a food industry in Argentina. His efforts and innovations made his company a great success. His company was one of the first food companies in the country and showed new methods in this sector. When he made a fortune he returned to Italy. When he goes back his rang in Turin go to town advisor. By his education Giuseppe is a translator. In 1875 he is married for Marianna Orazzi. In 1876, their first son Giovanni is born. He loves education, humanities and the Greek language. In 1879 their daughter Margherita was born. Unfortunately, she died in 1894. In 1881 their third child Vincenzo Lancia was born. Their second daughter was born at 1884 – Anna Maria later Anna Maria-Giacobinni. The Lancia family at that time was important for Turin. The members of the family liked to go on opera and theatre. In their free time. the Lancias spend their time at a villa near Turin.

Vincenzo Lancia was born on 24 of August 1881 in Fobello near Turin. His father wanted Vincenzo to be a lawyer, but didn’t have much interest in the humanities. He met the Battista brothers as well as Giovanni Ceirano and became interested in science and technology, especially automobiles. He saw his first cars in Turin and Milan. One of his friends Carlo Bishareti di Ruffia had a Benz and that was the first important automobile in his life. When FIAT was founded in 1899 Vincenzo was very active in the company and later became one of the most famous test drivers of Italian automobile brands. In 1922, Vincenzo married his secretary – Adele Miglietti. Vincenzo and Adele had three children Gianni, Eleonora and Maria. He died on February 15, 1937.

Gianni Lancia was born on 24 November 1924 in Turin. He finished his education with his sisters at the Technical University of Pisa. From the time he was a little boy Gianni loved sports, but his greatest passion was motor racing. This led him to become a driver for the Lancia team. Gianni became the boss of Lancia in 1950. Unfortunately, he invested a lot of money in expensive prototypes and other unprofitable ventures that led him to sell a big part of the company to Carlo Pesenti in 1957. After that he started a business in the food industry. For a few years he lived in Brazil. He had two sons, Mariele and Vincenzo from his first marriage and had one son (Lorenzo Lancia) from his marriage to Jacqueline Sassard .

Automotive

Current models

Lancia Ypsilon

Main article: Lancia Ypsilon

2013 Lancia Ypsilon

The Ypsilon is a premium 5-door supermini car produced since 2011. It is based on an updated Fiat 500 platform. Available for sale in various European markets, for the United Kingdom and Ireland it was only sold as the Chrysler Ypsilon.

Past car models

Lancia has a long tradition of passenger, fast touring, sports and racing cars. They have tended to emphasize quality, appearance and sophisticated design, somewhat at the expense of power and competitive pricing. Among the most beautiful, desirable and unusual models are various Lancia Zagato models.

The Lancia Aurelia introduced the front engine rear transmission configuration later used by Ferrari, Alfa Romeo, Porsche, GM, and Maserati, as well as the V6 engine, which is now common. It also had inboard rear brakes, an important way of reducing un-sprung weight.

The Lancia Stratos was a successful rally car during the 1970s and helped the company to improve its sporting credentials.

The Lancia Thema was a executive car unveiled in 2011, was a re-branded second generation Chrysler 300 and replaced the Thesis. It re–used the Thema name from the saloon of 1984–94 made in Italy. Previously available in various European markets, for the United Kingdom and Ireland it was only sold as the Chrysler 300C. It has since been discontinued in 2015.

The Lancia Voyager was a large MPV unveiled in 2011, which was based on the Chrysler Town & Country. It was marketed in various European markets, for the United Kingdom and Ireland it was only sold as the Chrysler Grand Voyager. It has since been discontinued in 2015.

Concept cars

See also: List of Lancia concept cars

The Lancia Kayak Bertone

Lancia has shown several concept cars to the public including the Flaminia Loratmo (1958), Stratos Zero (1970), the Megagamma by Italdesign Giugiaro and Sibilo by Bertone in 1978, Hit (1988) by Pininfarina, the Bertone designed Kayak (1995), the Dialogos (1998) and Nea in 2000. More recently the company has shown the Granturismo Stilnovo and Fulvia. concepts in 2003.

Special cars

In the end of 1957 Lancia make their first limousine for the President of Italy,the model Lancia Florida.
In 1989 Lancia made a limousine version of the model Thema.
In 1999 Lancia made a limousine version of the Kappa and in 2004 Geneva Motor Show, Stola showed a limousine version of the Lancia Thesis.

Export markets

In January 2014, in an interview with La Repubblica, Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne foreshadowed that Lancia would become an Italy–only brand, and focus only on the Ypsilon supermini range.

United States

While some models had been imported on a small scale during the 1950s–1960s, Lancias were officially sold in the United States from 1975. Sales were comparatively slow, and the range was withdrawn at the same time as Fiat in 1982.

In 2009, following Fiat’s acquisition of a stake in United States-based Chrysler and part of Chrysler’s restructuring plans, it was stated that Fiat plans for the Chrysler brand and Lancia to co–develop products, with some vehicles being shared. Olivier Francois, Lancia’s CEO, took over as CEO of the Chrysler division in October 2009. Fiat has also announced that, depending on the market, some Chrysler cars would be sold as Lancias and vice versa.

Francois plans to re-establish the Chrysler brand as an upscale brand, was somewhat muddied by the discontinuance of the Plymouth brand.^[13] At the 2010 Detroit Auto Show, a Chrysler-badged Lancia Delta was on display,^[14] but this did not result in sales in the United States, with proposals to instead modify an Alfa Romeo for sale by 2013.

United Kingdom

Lancia’s reputation was significantly undermined in 1980, when defective Lancia Beta models, suffering from significant suspension sub-frame corrosion problems, were purchased back from owners by the company in a highly publicised campaign. These cars were subsequently crushed. The brand never recovered from the damage inflicted during the Beta recall and, combined with a range of related factors (including poor residual values, which made their range uncompetitive), decided to withdraw from the right hand drive market. The last model be sold in the United Kingdom was the Delta, boosted by its rallying reputation, withdrawn from sale in 1995.

Since 1995, there have been continuous rumours suggesting Lancia’s return to the United Kingdom. In November 2005, What Car? reported rumours over the alleged return, to rival “affordable” premium makes, such as Saab and Volvo. In September 2006, What Car? reported that Lancia were officially returning to the United Kingdom. The relaunch date was set for August 2008. In April 2008, Car reported that Lancia had postponed the relaunch.

These were credible since Lancia models, by that time, shared common parts with Fiat and Alfa Romeo models that were imported, sold and maintained by an existing dealership network. The cost to reestablish the brand were therefore minimal. In December 2008, however, Fiat cancelled re–launch plans, due to financial concerns coinciding with the global financial crisis, and the recession.

In 2011, Lancia Ypsilon and Delta models were eventually re–introduced to the United Kingdom, but were re–branded as Chrysler. In January 2014, the Delta model was dropped from this line–up. In March 2015, Fiat Group announced that the Chrysler brand would be discontinued in the U.K. in 2017, citing a desire to focus largely on the Jeep brand instead.

Japan

A small number of Lancia models were previously sold in Japan, such as Fulvia, Stratos and Delta. More recently, some models have been sold under the Chrysler brand, such as the Ypsilon.

Lancia in motorsport

Formula One

See also: Lancia Grand Prix results

A Lancia D50A Formula One car 1954

After Vincenzo Lancia’s son Gianni became director of the firm, it started to take part more frequently in motorsport, eventually deciding to build a Grand Prix car. Vittorio Jano was the new designer for Lancia and his Lancia D50 was entered into the 1954 Spanish Grand Prix, where Alberto Ascari took the pole position and drove the fastest lap. In the 1955 Monaco Grand Prix Ascari crashed into the harbour after missing a chicane. One week later Ascari was killed in an accident driving a Ferrari sports car at Monza. With Ascari’s death and Lancia’s financial problems the company withdrew from Grand Prix racing.^[23] Altogether Lancia took two victories and ten podiums in Formula One.

Remnants of the Lancia team were transferred to Scuderia Ferrari, where Juan Manuel Fangio won the 1956 championship with a Lancia-Ferrari car.

Rallying

See also: Lancia in rallying

 

Lancia Selta S4 Group B Rally Car A Lancia Delta S4 Group B rally car

Lancia has been very successful in motorsport over the years, and mostly in the arena of rallying. Prior to the forming of the World Rally Championship, Lancia took the final International Championship for Manufacturers title with the Fulvia in 1972. In the WRC, they remain the most statistically successful marque (despite having withdrawn at the end of the 1993 season), winning constructors’ titles with the Stratos (1974, 1975 and 1976), the 037(1983) and the Delta (six consecutive wins from 1987 to 1992). The Delta is also the most successful individual model designation ever to compete in rallying. All this gave Lancia a total of 11 Championships over the years.

Juha Kankkunen and Miki Biasion both won two drivers’ titles with the Delta. Among other drivers to take several World Rally Championship wins with Lancia were Markku Alén, Didier Auriol, Sandro Munari, Bernard Darniche,Walter Röhrl, Björn Waldegård and Henri Toivonen. The history of the brand in rallying is also tainted with tragedy, with deaths of Italian driver Attilio Bettega at the 1985 Tour de Corse in a Lancia 037 and then Finnish championship favourite Toivonen in a Lancia Delta S4 at the same rally exactly a year later. These deaths would eventually lead to the end of Group B rallying.

Sports car racing

In 1953 Lancia introduced D24 sports racer, being an evolution of D23 model, bodied as spider by Pinin Farina. Most significant victories were: 1953 Carrera Panamericana, 1954 Mille Miglia and 1954 Targa Florio.

A Lancia LC1 Group 6 sports car

During Lancia’s dominance of rallying, the company also expanded into sports cars in the late 1970s until the mid-1980s. Originally running the Stratos HF in Group 4, as well as a brief interlude with a rare Group 5 version, the car was replaced with the successful Beta Montecarlo Turbo winning the FIA’s 1980 World Championship for Makes and 1981 World Endurance Championship for Makes and the 1980 Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft.

A Lancia LC2 sports car

In 1982 the team moved up to Group 6 with the LC1 Spyder, followed by the Group C LC2 coupé which featured a Ferrari powerplant in 1983. The LC2 was a match for the standard-setting Porsche 956 in terms of raw speed, securing 13 pole positions over its lifetime, however its results were hampered by poor reliability and fuel economy and it only managed to win three European and World Endurance Championship races. The team’s inability to compete against the dominant Porsche 956 and 962 sports cars led it to drop out of sportscar racing at the end of 1986 in order to concentrate on rallying, although private teams continued to enter LC2s with declining results until the early 1990s.

Titles

• 1979 World Championship for Makes (under 2-litre division)
• 1980 World Championship for Makes (overall)
• 1981 World Endurance Championship for Makes (overall)
• 1980 Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft

Commercial vehicles

Lancia produced a wide range of vans, trucks, buses and military vehicles from the beginning, forming Lancia Veicoli Industriali in 1912. Lancia slowly withdrew from the commercial sectors during the late 1960s and production of commercial vehicles ended in the early 1970s, shortly after Fiat’s takeover of the company, with some models transferred to Iveco.

Light commercial vehicles

• 1958 Lancia Ardea Furgoncino (van), Cassone (pick-up)
• 1950 Lancia Beta
• 1953 Lancia Appia Furgoncino (van), Camioncino (pick-up)
• 1959 Lancia Jolly
• 1963 Lancia Superjolly

Heavy commercial vehicles

Lancia Triota 1921

Lancia Esadelta C

Lancia Esagamma E

Lancia trolleybus in Athens

Ungarn, Richtung Plattensee, etwa 15.-20. März 1945 Lancia 3RO military truck

1915 Lancia Jota

1915 Lancia Dijota Nothing to find1921 Lancia Triota1921 Lancia Tetrajota1924 Lancia Pentajota

1926 Lancia Esajota Nothing to find

1927 Lancia Eptajota

1932 Lancia Ro

1935 Lancia Ro-Ro

Ungarn, Richtung Plattensee, etwa 15.-20. März 1945

1938 Lancia 3Ro

1943 Lancia Esaro

1941 Lancia E290, electric truck, one built

1947 Lancia 6Ro

Historical Vehicle Lancia Esatau 864

1957 Lancia Esatau

Lancia Esatau B

1955 Lancia Esatau B

Lancia Esadelta

1959 Lancia Esadelta B

1969 Lancia Esadelta C

Lancia Esagamma

Buses

https://myntransportblog.com/2014/05/10/buses-lancia-turino-italy/

 

• 1919 Lancia Eptaiota
• 1920 Lancia Trijota (bus)
• 1922 Lancia Tetraiota
• 1925 Lancia Pentaiota
• 1927 Lancia Omicron
• 1934 Lancia Ro (bus)
• 1951 Lancia Esatau (bus)
• 1961 Lancia Esagamma (bus)

Trolleybuses

• 1951 Lancia Esatau Pistoiesi
• 1956 Lancia Esatau Piaggio Ansaldo
• 1961 Lancia Esatau V.11 (trolleybus)
• 1966 Lancia Diafa trolleybus
• 1967 Lancia Bimax
• 1968 Lancia Bimax F600
• 1968 Lancia Pistoiesi
• 1969 Lancia Menarini Monocar
• 1969 Lancia Esatau P Casaro

Military vehicles

• 1912 Lancia 1Z (light truck)
• 1912 Lancia 1ZM (armoured car)
• 1938 Lancia 3Ro (truck)
• 1942 Lancia Esaro (truck)
• 1942 Lancia Lince (armoured car)
• 1948 Lancia Esatau 6RoM (truck)
• 1951 Lancia CL51 (Z 20) (troop transporter)
• 1954 Lancia TL51 (Z 30) (truck)
• 1960 Lancia 506 (truck)
• 1975 Lancia ACL 75 (6611 M) (truck)
• 1990 Lancia ACL 90 (truck, later Iveco) (truck)

Other

• 2007 Lancia Bike
• 2009 Lancia di Lancia speedboat

Engines

• Lancia Flat-4 engine
• Lancia V4 engine
• Lancia V6 engine
• Lancia V8 engine

The company has previously made a number of industrial engines.

Media and sponsorship

In 2009, the British motoring television show Top Gear suggested that Lancia had more ‘great’ models than any other car company. The presenters went on to test the Gamma Coupé, Fulvia Coupé, Aprilia, Montecarlo, Beta Coupé, HPE, Stratos, 037, Delta Integrale Evo II and Thema 8.32. They also stated during their review that Lancia made the best looking cars, even though they are unreliable.

Lancia sponsored the Venice Film Festival for five years, ending in 2012, with the Lancia Thema used to transport stars to the festival. Lancia was sponsor of ninth and eleventh World Summit of Nobel Peace Prize Laureates.

• List of automobile manufacturers
• List of Formula One constructors
• List of Italian companies
• List of World Rally Championship Constructors’ Champions
• Martini Racing

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Lancia Astura 1932

Ungarn, Richtung Plattensee, etwa 15.-20. März 1945

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Historical Vehicle Lancia Esatau 864

Ungarn, Richtung Plattensee, etwa 15.-20. März 1945

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Yasmin Le Bon with the Lancia Di Lambda Sports Tourer, the Ladies Choice

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Image converted using ifftoany

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© 2005 Ron Reznick
http://www.digital-images.net
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Concept Car, Michelotti Lancia Beta Mizar 4, 1974

http://www.autogaleria.hu –

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References

1. ^ Jump up to:^{a b} “Marchionne: “Ecco il futuro della Fiat””. La Repubblica (in Italian). 9 January 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
2. Jump up^ “Lancia production between 1998–2009”. oica.net. Retrieved 14 October 2010.
3. Jump up^ Vorgers, Marc. “Lancia history”. classicargarage.com. Retrieved 1 May 2008.
4. Jump up^ “Car here negotiating with leading dealers”. The Washington Times. October 25, 1910. p. 13. Retrieved June 12, 2015 – viaNewspapers.com.
5. Jump up^ “Innovation The First Models”. lancia.com. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
6. Jump up^ 1980; page 2 of: www.ritzsite.nl/Lancia/02_LanciaCC.htm, accessdate: 14. June 2016
7. Jump up^ “Lancia loss was £20m”. The Times. 30 April 1970. p. 24.
8. ^ Jump up to:^{a b} “Fiat auto cambia nome – Sarà “Automobiles group””. lastampa.it. 24 January 2007. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
9. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h} “Un nuovo marchio per le sfide del futuro”. lanciapress.com (in Italian). Lancia Automobiles S.p.A. 6 March 2007. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
10. Jump up^ “Chrysler UK website”. Chrysler.co.uk. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
11. Jump up^ “Lancia Nea”. Car and Driver. September 2000. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
12. Jump up^ “Lancia Fulvia is coming”. Autocar. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
13. Jump up^ “Lancia, Chrysler to share products”. leftlanenews.com. Retrieved 29 November 2009.
14. Jump up^ Gall, Jared (January 2010). “Chrysler Delta Concept – Auto Shows”. Car and Driver. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
15. Jump up^ “Caught Testing: 2013 Chrysler 100 – Spy Shots”. Road & Track. 6 February 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
16. Jump up^ Hunston, Hugh (10 April 1980). “Lancia buy back rust-hit Betas”. The Glasgow Herald. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
17. Jump up^ English, Andrew (28 Jun 2011). “Chrysler Ypsilon review”. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
18. Jump up^ “Lancia tipped for return to UK”. What Car?. 29 November 2005. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
19. Jump up^ “Lancia to re-enter UK in 2008”. What Car?. 5 September 2006. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
20. Jump up^ Foxall, James (11 April 2008). “Lancia postpones UK launch”. carmagazine.co.uk. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
21. Jump up^ “Fiat cancels Lancia’s UK return”. What Car?. 8 December 2008. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
22. Jump up^ “Chrysler brand to be axed in the UK in 2017”. What Car?. 17 March 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
23. Jump up^ “Formula One timeline”. atlasf1.autosport.com. Retrieved 27 June 2007.
24. Jump up^ “Lancia Formula 1 Team”. 4mula1.ro. Retrieved 27 June 2007.
25. Jump up^ “Lancia D50”. ddavid.com. Retrieved 27 June 2007.
26. Jump up^ “Top Gear Loves Lancia part 1”. topgear.com. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
27. Jump up^ “Maserati to take over role of Lancia at Film Festival of Venice”. Auto Edizione. 29 July 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2013.

External links

• Official website
• Lancia Italy official website
• Lancia Press—official press site
• Lanciastor
  y

Historic Cars Part I

Oude auto’s

Het is soms leuk met mijn toestel rond te lopen en warempel, dan merk ik dat ik toch een beetje ben aangestoken door Hot en zijn liefde voor oude auto’s. Dus zodra ik dan langs een echte oude loop kan ik het niet laten om deze op de foto te zetten.  Hot is dan zo vriendelijk om me te vertellen wat voor soort het is. Deze rechtse is een Citroën Ami 6. https://youtu.be/RLCIkxHleBg

 De rode auto is een Cadillac Station, Prachtig vind ik dit. Toen hadden de auto’s nog een eigen identiteit, een eigenheid. De volgende auto is de grootste liefde van Hot. Het is een Daf 33, 700 cc de luxe uitvoering. Toen ik Hot leerde kennen had hij er zo’n een.

Alleen deze was ook beschilderd met anti kernraket en energie logo’s en alternatieve energievormen, en een gebroken geweertje op de achterbak. Hij heeft met die wagen toch 3 x de wereld rond gereden (meer dan 3x het klokje rond). Er mee met ons, Merlijn en mijzelf naar Frankrijk geweest om zijn zus en haar gezin te bezoeken. Later, toen we de oude auto niet meer hadden heb ik hem nog zo’n Daf 33 gegeven, alleen had deze een Franse motor en verbruikte veel meer benzine.  De volgende auto die we tegen kwamen is een 1959 Fiat Multipla 1960 4d, prachtig, klein en compact. 

 De laatste auto is een Hillman 1600. We hebben vlakbij ons huis een kleine garage die deze meestal Engelse auto’s repareert en zodoende dat we die auto’s zo regelmatig tegenkomen. En wanneer we weer zo’n auto passeren hoor ik soms naast me een diepe zucht. De laatste 8 jaar zijn wij namelijk autoloos! 

0000 Oude Auto’s I Cadillac, Hillman, Fiat Multipla, Daf 33, Citroën Ami,

Myn Transport Blog I

bussen-123berliet-4renault-5chausson-6floirat-7chausson-8floirat-9renault-10chausson

Beste Lezers, ik begin dit blog hier omdat ik eerst een ander blog heb gehad met een betaald domein. Nu wilden ze na minder dan een jaar al nieuwe betaling en mijn ervaringen met de bereikbaarheid waren ronduit slecht. Idem met de beantwoording van vragen enz.

Kortom ik begin opnieuw alhier. De oude naam was hottransport.net, de nieuwe myn transport blog.

De maker ben ik Hot, en in het begin zal het gaan om het herplaatsen van blogjes die ik al eerder op hottransport net geplaatst had, maar zo gauw ik de oude vastgelegd en overgebracht heb komen er nieuwe bij. Ik werk op dit moment aan blogs over bussen, en doe dat in verschillende talen, en had een enorm aantal volgers, maar ik denk dat die snel zullen volgen.

Welkom bij het vervolg:

https://youtu.be/eUoP1pe02qc    Oude Reclame Berliet Buses