PININFARINA Italian design house and coachbuilder

Pininfarina

Pininfarina S.p.A.

Type	Società per Azioni
Traded as	BIT: PINF
Industry	Automotive
Founded	Torino, Italy (May 23, 1930)
Founder	Battista Farina
Headquarters	Cambiano, Italy
Key people	Paolo Pininfarina, Chairman Silvio Angori, CEO Gianfranco Albertini, CFO
Services	Automotive design
Net income	€32.9 million (2012)
Number of employees	821 (2012)
Parent	Mahindra Group (76.06%)
Website	www.pininfarina.com

Pininfarina Design Center

Pin­in­fa­rina S.p.A. (short for Carozze­ria Pin­in­fa­rina) is an Ital­ian car de­sign firm and coach­builder in Cam­biano, Italy. It was founded by Bat­tista ”Pinin” Fa­rina in 1930.On De­cem­ber 14, 2015, Mahin­dra Group, ac­quired Pin­in­fa­rina S.p.A. in a deal worth about 168 mil­lion euros ($185 million).

Pin­in­fa­rina is em­ployed by a wide va­ri­ety of au­to­mo­bile man­u­fac­tures to de­sign ve­hi­cles. These firms have in­cluded long-es­tab­lished cus­tomers such as Fer­rari, Alfa Romeo, Peu­geot, FIAT, GM, Lan­cia, and Maserati, to emerg­ing com­pa­nies in the Asian mar­ket with Chi­nese man­u­fac­tures like AviChina, Chery, Changfeng, Bril­liance, and JAC and Ko­rean man­u­fac­tur­ers Dae­woo and Hyundai.

Since the 1980s Pin­in­fa­rina has also de­signed high-speed trains, buses, trams, rolling stocks, au­to­mated light rail cars, peo­ple movers, yachts, air­planes, and pri­vate jets. With the 1986 cre­ation of Pin­in­fa­rina Extra they have con­sulted on in­dus­trial de­sign, in­te­rior de­sign, ar­chi­tec­ture, and graphic design.

Pin­in­fa­rina was run by Bat­tista’s son Ser­gio Pin­in­fa­rina until 2001, then his grand­son An­drea Pin­in­fa­rina until his death in 2008. After An­drea’s death his younger brother Paolo Pin­in­fa­rina was ap­pointed as CEO.

At its height in 2006 the Pin­in­fa­rina Group em­ployed 2,768 with sub­sidiary com­pany of­fices through­out Eu­rope, as well as in Mo­rocco and the United States. As of 2012 with the end of se­ries au­to­mo­tive pro­duc­tion, em­ploy­ment has shrunk to 821. Pin­in­fa­rina is reg­is­tered and pub­licly traded on the Borsa Ital­iana (Milan Stock Exchange).

On De­cem­ber 14, 2015, Mahin­dra Group, an­nounced a deal to ac­quire Pin­in­fa­rina S.p.A. in a deal worth about 168 mil­lion euros ($185 million).

History

The days as a specialist coachbuilder

When au­to­mo­bile de­signer and builder Bat­tista ”Pinin” Fa­rina broke away from his brother’s coach build­ing firm, Sta­bil­i­menti Fa­rina, in 1928 he founded “Car­rozze­ria Pinin Fa­rina” with fi­nan­cial help from his wife’s fam­ily and Vin­cenzo Lan­cia. That first year the firm em­ployed eigh­teen and built 50 au­to­mo­bile bodies.

On May 22, 1930 pa­pers were filed to be­come a cor­po­ra­tion, So­cietà anon­ima Car­rozze­ria Pinin Farina head­quar­tered in Turin, Italy, at 107 Corso Trapani. Dur­ing the 1930s, the com­pany built bod­ies for Lan­cia, Alfa Romeo, Isotta-Fras­chini, His­pano Suiza, Fiat, Cadil­lac, and Rolls-Royce. With its close re­la­tion­ship with Lan­cia, the pi­o­neer of the mono­coque in au­to­mo­bile de­sign, Pin­in­fa­rina be­came the first coach­builder to build bod­ies for the new tech­nique also known as uni­body con­struc­tion. This de­vel­op­ment hap­pened in the mid-1930s when oth­ers saw the frame­less con­struc­tion as the end of the in­de­pen­dent coachbilder.

In 1939, World War II ended au­to­mo­bile pro­duc­tion, but the com­pany had 400 em­ploy­ees build­ing 150 bod­ies a month. The war ef­fort against the Al­lies brought work mak­ing am­bu­lances and search­light carriages. The Pin­in­fa­rina fac­tory was de­stroyed by Al­lied bombers end­ing the firm’s operations.

After World War II

Cisitalia 202 – Museo Torino

Nash-Healey roadster

1987 Cadillac Allanté

After the war, Italy was banned from the 1946 Paris Motor Show. The Paris show was at­tended by 809,000 vis­i­tors (twice the pre-war fig­ure), lines of peo­ple stretched from the main gate all the way to the Seine. Pinin Fa­rina and his son Ser­gio, de­ter­mined to defy the ban, drove two of their cars – an Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 S and a Lan­cia Aprilia cabri­o­let – from Turin to Paris, and found a place at the en­trance to the ex­hi­bi­tion to dis­play the two new cre­ations. The man­agers of the Grand Palais said of the dis­play, “the devil Pin­in­fa­rina”, but to the press and the pub­lic it was the suc­cess­ful “Turin coach­builder’s anti-salon”.

At the end of 1945 the Cisi­talia 202 Coupé was de­signed. An el­e­gantly pro­por­tioned de­sign with a low hood, it is the car that usu­ally is given credit for es­tab­lish­ing Pin­in­fa­rina’s reputation. The Pin­in­fa­rina de­sign was hon­ored in the Mu­seum of Mod­ern Art’s land­mark pre­sen­ta­tion “Eight Au­to­mo­biles” in 1951. A total of 170 Coupés where pro­duced by Pininfarina.

The pub­lic­ity of the Mu­seum of Mod­ern Art ex­hibit brought Pin­in­fa­rina to the at­ten­tion of Nash-Kelv­ina­tor man­agers. The sub­se­quent co­op­er­a­tion with Nash Mo­tors re­sulted in high-vol­ume pro­duc­tion of Pin­in­fa­rina de­signs and pro­vided a major entry into the United States mar­ket. In 1952, Mr. Fa­rina vis­ited the U.S. for the un­veil­ing of his de­sign for the Nash Am­bas­sador and States­man lines, which, al­though they did carry some de­tails of Pin­in­fa­rina’s de­sign, were largely de­signed by Nash’s then-new in-house styling staff when the orig­i­nal Fa­rina-de­signed model proved un­suited to Amer­i­can tastes, ex­hibit­ing a pop­u­lar 1950s ap­pear­ance called “pon­ton“. The Nash-Healey sports car body was, how­ever, com­pletely de­signed and as­sem­bled in lim­ited num­bers from 1952 to 1954 at Pin­in­fa­rina’s Turin fa­cil­i­ties. Nash heav­ily ad­ver­tised its link to the fa­mous Ital­ian de­signer, much as Stude­baker pro­moted its long­time as­so­ci­a­tion with Ray­mond Loewy. As a re­sult of Nash’s $5 mil­lion ad­ver­tis­ing cam­paign, Pin­in­fa­rina be­came well known in the U.S.

Pin­in­fa­rina also built the bod­ies for the lim­ited-se­ries Cadil­lac El­do­rado Brougham for Gen­eral Mo­tors in 1959 and 1960, as­sem­bled them and sent them back to the U.S. There were 99 Broughams built in 1959 and 101 in 1960. A sim­i­lar arrange­ment was re­peated in the late 1980s when Pin­in­fa­rina de­signed (and par­tially as­sem­bled) the Cadil­lac Al­lanté at the San Giusto Canavese fac­tory. The car bod­ies were as­sem­bled and painted in Italy be­fore being flown from the Turin In­ter­na­tional Air­port to De­troit for final ve­hi­cle assembly.

The Ferrari partnership

It started in 1951 with a meet­ing at a restau­rant in Tor­tona, a small town halfway be­tween Turin and Mod­ena. This neu­tral ter­ri­tory was cho­sen be­cause nei­ther Pin­in­fa­rina nor Enzo Fer­rari wanted to meet at the other’s head­quar­ters. Pinin’s son, Ser­gio Pin­in­fa­rina re­called, “It is not dif­fi­cult to imag­ine how I felt that af­ter­noon when my fa­ther, with­out tak­ing his eyes off the road for one mo­ment told me his de­ci­sion as we drove back to Turin: “From now on you’ll be look­ing after Fer­rari, from A to Z. De­sign, en­gi­neer­ing, tech­nol­ogy, con­struc­tion—the lot!”—I was over the moon with hap­pi­ness.” “

Since that meet­ing the only road-go­ing pro­duc­tion Fer­raris not de­signed by Pin­in­fa­rina are the 1973 Dino 308 GT4 and 2013’s LaFerrari. Their re­la­tion­ship was so close that Pin­in­fa­rina be­came a part­ner of Fer­rari in “Scud­e­ria Fer­rari SpA SEFAC”, the or­ga­ni­za­tion that ran Fer­rari’s race team from 1961–1989, Pinin was a vice pres­i­dent of Ferrari, and Ser­gio later sat on Fer­rari’s board of directors.

The move to large-scale manufacturing

Paris – Mondial de l’automobile 2010 – Alfa Roméo Giulietta Spider

In 1954 to 1955 Pin­in­fa­rina pur­chased land in Grugliasco, out­side of Turin, for a new fac­tory. “The fac­tory in no way would look like the one of Corso Tra­pani. It would be a car no longer on my mea­sure­ments but on those of my chil­dren, built look­ing like them; I had this in mind and wanted it,” said Pininfarina.

Around the same time, Alfa Romeo ac­cepted Pin­in­fa­rina’s de­sign over Bertone for the new Giuli­etta Spi­der. The Alfa was the first ve­hi­cle that Pin­in­fa­rina pro­duced in large num­bers, in fact Alfa Romeo chose Pin­in­fa­rina to pro­duce the Spi­der in large part be­cause they felt con­fi­dent that they could pro­duce 20 cars a day for a run of 1,000 bod­ies. The Spi­der was a huge suc­cess for Alfa Romeo and Pin­in­fa­rina, Max Hoff­man the im­porter for the United States said he could sell as many as they could make. In 1956, the first year of pro­duc­tion, they pro­duced 1025 units which then ex­panded to over 4,000 in 1959 the first full year of the new Grugliasco factory.

Usine Pininfarina 406 coupe

2006 Volvo C70

The second generation of leadership

Start­ing with the plan­ning for the new plant in Grugliasco in 1956, Pinin started to groom his re­place­ments–Ser­gio his son and Renzo Carli his son-in-law. To his heirs ap­par­ent, Pinin said of the Corso Tra­pani fa­cil­ity “This old plant has reached the lim­its of its growth. It has no room for ex­pan­sion and is far from being up to date. If I were alone I’d leave it as it is. But I want you to de­cide which way to go–to stay as we are or to en­large. Ei­ther way is fine with me. It’s your de­ci­sion to make and I don’t want to know what it is. I’m fin­ished and it’s your time to take over. The fu­ture is ab­solutely up to you.” In 1958, upon leav­ing for a world tour Pinin added “In my fam­ily we in­herit our lega­cies from live peo­ple–not from the dead.”

1961 at the age of 68, “Pinin” Fa­rina for­mally turns his firm over to his son Ser­gio and his son-in-law, Renzo Carli, it was the same year that the Pres­i­dent of Italy for­mally au­tho­rized the change of Fa­rina’s last name to Pininfarina.

Pin­in­fa­rina was run by Bat­tista’s grand­son An­drea Pin­in­fa­rina from 2001 until his death in 2008. An­drea’s younger brother Paolo Pin­in­fa­rina was then ap­pointed as successor.

Modernizing for a new world

Start­ing in the mid-1960s, Pin­in­fa­rina started to make in­vest­ments in the sci­ence of au­to­mo­tive de­sign, a strat­egy to dif­fer­en­ti­ate it­self from the other Ital­ian coachbuilders.

In 1966, Pin­in­fa­rina opened Studi e Ricerche, or the Stud­ies and Re­search Cen­tre in Grugliasco. The re­search cen­tre oc­cu­pied 8000 sq. me­tres (2 acres) and em­ployed 180 tech­ni­cians ca­pa­ble of pro­duc­ing 25 pro­to­types a year.

The Cal­cu­la­tion and De­sign Cen­tre was set up in 1967, the first step in a process of tech­no­log­i­cal evo­lu­tion which, dur­ing the 1970s, would take Pin­in­fa­rina into the lead in au­to­mated body­work design.

Then in 1972 con­struc­tion of a full-sized wind tun­nel was com­pleted. The pro­ject was started in 1966. When it opened, it not only was the first wind tun­nel with the abil­ity to test full-sized cars in Italy, but also one of the first in the world with this ability. To put this fore­sight in per­spec­tive, GM’s full-sized wind tun­nel didn’t open until 1980.

New infrastructure and expansion

The 1980s started a pe­riod of ex­pan­sion for Pininfarina.

In 1982 the com­pany opened “Pin­in­fa­rina Studi e Ricerche” in Cam­biano. It was sep­a­rate from the fac­tory and wind tun­nel in Grugliasco, to keep de­sign and re­search ac­tiv­i­ties in­de­pen­dent from man­u­fac­tur­ing. On Oc­to­ber 14, 2002, Pin­in­fa­rina in­au­gu­rated a new en­gi­neer­ing cen­ter. The new fa­cil­ity, which was built at the Cam­biano cam­pus, to give greater vis­i­bil­ity and in­de­pen­dence to the en­gi­neer­ing operations.

In 1983 Pin­in­fa­rina reached an agree­ment with Gen­eral Mo­tors to de­sign and build the Cadil­lac Al­lanté. The Al­lanté pro­ject led to the build­ing of the San Gior­gio fac­tory in 1985.

In 1996, Mit­subishi en­tered into talks for Pin­in­fa­rina build their new com­pact SUV, the Pa­jero, in Italy. While Mit­subishi rec­og­nized Pin­in­fa­rina’s ex­per­tise in de­sign and en­gi­neer­ing, the rea­son for choos­ing them was that man­u­fac­tur­ing costs were half of those in Germany. After en­ter­ing into an agree­ment in 1996, Pin­in­fa­rina pur­chased an in­dus­trial site at Bairo Canavese near Turin, Italy. in April 1997, Bairo Canavese was ded­i­cated to the pro­duc­tion of the new Mit­subishi Pa­jero Pinin.

Pin­in­fa­rina Sverige AB in Ud­de­valla, Swe­den, was es­tab­lished in 2003 as a joint ven­ture (JV) be­tween Volvo Cars and Pin­in­fa­rina to pro­duce a new Volvo con­vert­ible that will be sold in Eu­rope and the United States. The JV is owned 60% by Pin­in­fa­rina and 40% by Volvo. The C70 model de­signed by Volvo’s John Kin­sey—was launched on 13 April 2006, shar­ing the Volvo P1 plat­form used in the S40.

New economic realities

In April 2008, after three years of se­ri­ous losses to­tal­ing 115 mil­lion euros at the end of 2007, Pin­in­fa­rina made the first of sev­eral moves to raise cap­i­tal and re­struc­ture its enor­mous debt:

April 29, 2008

Pin­in­fa­rina’s an­nounced Piero Fer­rari, Al­berto Bom­bas­sei, chair­man of Brembo, and the Mar­siaj fam­ily, founders of the Sabelt seat­belt com­pany, will join with Vin­cent Bol­lore, a French fi­nancier, and Ratan Tata, head of India’s Tata con­glom­er­ate, who al­ready an­nounced their plans to in­vest, re­ports Reuters. The five will to­gether in­vest €100 million.

Fund­ing will come through the sale of stock to other in­vestors. The Pin­in­fa­rina fam­ily is will­ing to re­duce its share from its cur­rent 55% to 30%, which is still enough to se­cure a con­trol­ling interest.

December 31, 2008

On De­cem­ber 31, 2008, Pin­in­fa­rina an­nounced a debt re­struc­tur­ing that would re­quire the fam­ily to sell its stake in the com­pany. The agree­ment was made after Pin­in­fa­rina’s value dropped 67 per cent dur­ing 2008, and it then had a mar­ket cap­i­tal­iza­tion of about €36 mil­lion. It had total debts of €598 mil­lion at the end of No­vem­ber. Of that amount, €555 mil­lion was the sub­ject of the debt re­struc­tur­ing agree­ment that was agreed on with a con­sor­tium of banks.

March 24, 2009

Pin­car, Pin­in­fa­rina’s fam­ily hold­ing com­pany, an­nounced it has hired Leonardo and Co to find a buyer for its 50.6% stake in Pin­in­fa­rina per the debt re­struc­tur­ing agree­ment reached in December.

January 4, 2011

Pin­in­fa­rina re­leased a state­ment say­ing that it is still gath­er­ing “pos­si­ble of­fers from po­ten­tial buy­ers,” adding it would re­lease more in­for­ma­tion when it was appropriate.

Com­pany sources added, the fam­ily will not sell its en­tire 50.7% stake but that Pin­car would no longer be a ma­jor­ity shareholder.

February 14, 2012

Italy’s Pin­in­fa­rina fam­ily is set to lose con­trol of the car de­sign com­pany as lengthy debt re­struc­tur­ing talks head to­ward the fin­ish line, peo­ple fa­mil­iar with the sit­u­a­tion said on Tues­day. A 16.9 mil­lion euros loss in the first nine months of 2011 oc­curred after clos­ing its man­u­fac­tur­ing op­er­a­tions to re-in­vent it­self as a smaller niche de­sign player.

An agree­ment with cred­i­tor banks in­clud­ing In­tesa San­paolo, Uni­Credit, Mediobanca and Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena to re­struc­ture net debt of 76 mil­lion euros is on track and will be reached in the com­ing months, said three sources close to the sit­u­a­tion. “The debt sit­u­a­tion is sta­ble and the talks are not con­tentious, so there is no hurry,” said one of the sources, speak­ing on con­di­tion anonymity. “The agree­ment will fix the cap­i­tal struc­ture for the fore­see­able future.”

When fi­nalised, the debt ac­cord will give con­trol of the fam­ily’s 77 per­cent stake to its cred­i­tor banks, end­ing the Pin­in­fa­rina fam­ily’s ownership.

The deal will close a chap­ter that began in 2008 when the banks swapped 180 mil­lion euros in debt in ex­change for a promise of pro­ceeds from a fu­ture sale of part of the Pin­in­fa­rina’s fam­ily stake.

But no tak­ers ma­te­ri­alised. Po­ten­tial buy­ers were not will­ing to ac­quire a de­sign com­pany when they can eas­ily con­tract its ser­vices, said one of the peo­ple fa­mil­iar with the situation.

February 15, 2012

In a state­ment re­leased on 15 Feb­ru­ary, the Cam­biano-based com­pany, which owes over €100 mil­lion to a num­ber of Ital­ian banks, said its debt re­pay­ment date has been ex­tended to 2018, from 2015.

The agree­ment, which will be signed in the next few weeks, will also see the com­pany take ad­van­tage of in­ter­est rates “sig­nif­i­cantly lower than [cur­rent] mar­ket rates”. With the new debt re­struc­tur­ing deal with its cred­i­tors Pin­in­fa­rina will re­main under the con­trol of the Pin­in­fa­rina family.

May 16, 2012

Au­to­mo­tive News re­ports Pin­in­fa­rina pro­jects it will turn a profit for 2012, thanks in part to debt re­struc­tur­ing. The Ital­ian de­sign stu­dio hasn’t seen a profit in eight years, but signed a deal in April to re­struc­ture $182.6 mil­lion in debt. The move ef­fec­tively stretched the stu­dio’s re­pay­ment dead­line from 2015 to 2018. At the same time, Pin­in­fa­rina an­nounced it will likely see an op­er­at­ing loss this year, but a one-time gain of $57.6 mil­lion will re­sult in the net profit. Last year, the com­pany lost $8.3 mil­lion in the first quar­ter, though that fig­ure has dropped to just under $4 mil­lion dur­ing Q1 2012.

Pin­in­fa­rina also saw its net rev­enue in­crease by $2.9 million.

March 26, 2013

Pin­in­fa­rina in the black for first time since 2004 Ital­ian de­sign house Pin­in­fa­rina pre­dicted last May that it would face an op­er­at­ing loss for 2012 but still come out with a net profit. Both pre­dic­tions have come true – the com­pany is re­port­ing an op­er­at­ing loss of 8.2 mil­lion euros and a net profit of 32.9 mil­lion euros ($42.5 mil­lion US).

Ac­cord­ing to Reuters, the good news came be­cause of a debt re­struc­tur­ing arranged last year that gives the com­pany three more years to repay its $182.6 mil­lion in debt, and a one-time gain of roughly 45 mil­lion euros ($57.6 mil­lion US). It is the com­pany’s first profit since 2004.

Acquisition by Mahindra group (2015–present)

Mahin­dra Group, owner of In­dian au­to­mo­bile com­pany Mahin­dra & Mahin­dra agreed to buy Ital­ian car de­signer Pin­in­fa­rina SpA in a deal worth about 168 mil­lion euros ($185 million). Mahin­dra group, to­gether with af­fil­i­ate Tech Mahin­dra, have 76 per­cent stake from hold­ing com­pany Pin­car for 25.3 mil­lion euros. The In­dian com­pany will offer the same price for the re­main­ing stock. In ad­di­tion to buy­ing stock, Mahin­dra will in­vest 20 mil­lion euros in Pin­in­fa­rina and pro­vide a guar­an­tee to cred­i­tors of 114.5 mil­lion euros.

Corporate Governance (2016)

• President:Paolo Pininfarina
• CEO – General Manager: Silvio Pietro Angori
• Board of Directors: Manoj Bhat, C.P.Gurnani, Romina Guglielmetti, Jay Itzkowitz, Licia Mattioli, Sara Miglioli, Antony Sheriff.
• Statutory Auditors: Nicola Treves (president), Margherita Spaini, Giovanni Rayneri.

The end of car production operations

On De­cem­ber 10, 2011 Pin­in­fa­rina an­nounced it would end all au­to­mo­tive pro­duc­tion. In truth pro­duc­tion ended in No­vem­ber 2010 with the con­clu­sion of the con­tract to pro­duce the Alfa Romeo Brera and Spi­der at the San Gior­gio plant.

Grugliasco factory

Opened in 1958 with nearly 1,000 em­ploy­ees, by 1960 out­put ex­ceeded 11,000 car bodies. In 2009 Pin­in­fa­rina sold the fac­tory to Fin­piemonte, the pub­lic fi­nance of the Pied­mont Re­gion, at the price of 14.4 mil­lion euro. Fin­piemonte, as part of the deal, leases the plant to Gian Mario Rossig­nol at a rent of €650,000 per year for six years renewable.

The Grugliasco sale did not in­clude an ad­ja­cent struc­ture that houses the wind tunnel.

San Giorgio plant

Opened in 1986 to build Cadil­lac Al­lante bod­ies for Gen­eral Motors, the same year Pin­in­fa­rina was first listed on the Stock Ex­change in Milan. Au­to­mo­tive pro­duc­tion ended at San Gior­gio with the con­clu­sion of the Ford pro­duc­tion in July 2010, and Alfa Romeo pro­duc­tion in No­vem­ber 2010.

Fol­low­ing the end of con­tract man­u­fac­tur­ing ac­tiv­i­ties San Gior­gio Canavese is being used for pro­duc­tion of spare parts for cars man­u­fac­tured in the past.

Bairo Canavese

Pin­in­fa­rina opened its third man­u­fac­tur­ing plant in 1997. Cur­rently Pin­in­fa­rina leases the plant and 57 em­ploy­ees to the Ce­comp Group. This agree­ment to pro­duce 4,000elec­tric Bol­loré Blue­cars runs April 1, 2011 to De­cem­ber 31, 2013. On Sep­tem­ber 13, 2013 a new lease agree­ment was an­nounced, this new agree­ment will run from Jan­u­ary 1, 2014 until the end of 2016.

Uddevalla, Sweden Pininfarina Sverige AB

A joint ven­ture be­tween Pin­in­fa­rina S.p.A. and Volvo Car Cor­po­ra­tion began in 2003. Volvo and Pin­in­fa­rina S.p.A. have agreed upon the ter­mi­na­tion of the joint ven­ture agree­ment re­gard­ing Pin­in­fa­rina Sverige AB and its op­er­a­tions in Ud­de­valla, Swe­den. As of De­cem­ber 31, 2011 the ter­mi­na­tion this agree­ment would re­sult in a 30 mil­lion euros fee paid to Pininfarina.

On June 25, 2013 the last Volvo C70 was pro­duced and the Ud­de­valla as­sem­bly plant was closed.

Designers

Al­though Pin­in­fa­rina rarely gave credit to individuals, that pol­icy seems to have changed in re­cent years and many of the de­sign­ers of the past have be­come known. As of 2011 Pin­in­fa­rina em­ploys 101 peo­ple in their styling de­part­ment. That is down from 185 in 2005.

Paolo Martin at work

• Franco Scaglione 1951, designer for two months before he left for what is now known as Gruppo Bertone
• Franco Martinengo 1952–72, Director of the Centro Stile
• Adriano Rabbone
• Francesco Salomone
• Aldo Brovarone 1954–74, Designer; 1974–88, Managing Director Studi e Ricerche
• Tom Tjaarda 1961–65, Designer
• Filippo Sapino 1967–69
• Paolo Martin 1968–72, Chief of the Styling Department
• Diego Ottina 1970—
• Lorenzo Ramaciotti 1973-2005 deputy director of Pininfarina Studi e Ricerche, Director General and Chief Designer, CEO of Pininfarina SpA Research and Development
• Ian Cameron 1975–81
• Enrico Fumia 1976–91; 1982: Manager at Pininfarina R&D – Models and Prototypes Development; 1988: Manager at Pininfarina R&D – Design and Development; 1989: Deputy General Manager at Pininfarina R&D
• Guido Campoli
• Emanuele Nicosia 1977–85
• Elvio d’Aprile 1982–95
• Piero Camardella 1984–93
• Marco Tencone
• Leonardo Fioravanti 1988–91, Managing Director and CEO of Pininfarina Studi e Ricerche
• Maurizio Corbi 1989-
• Davide Arcangeli
• Jeremy Malick 2000–02, Designer; 2009—-, Senior Designer
• Dimitri Vicedomini 2001–12, Senior Car Designer
• Jason Castriota 2001–08
• Ken Okuyama 2004–06, Creative Director
• Luca Borgogno 2005— , Lead Designer
• Nazzareno Epifani 2006— , Lead Designer
• Lowie Vermeersch 2007–10, Design Director
• Brano Mauks 2007— , Senior Designer
• Carlo Palazzani 2010— , Lead Designer
• Felix Kilbertus 2011— , Lead Designer
• Fabio Filippini 2011— , Vice President Design and Chief Creative Officer

Vehicles

Pin­in­fa­rina de­signs, man­u­fac­tures, as­sem­bles, and tests pro­to­types and pro­duc­tion ve­hi­cles under con­tract for other automakers.

Past production

As of De­cem­ber 10, 2011 Pin­in­fa­rina an­nounced it would end all mass au­to­mo­tive pro­duc­tion with the sale of its 40% stake in the Ud­de­valla, Swe­den plant to Volvo in 2013. In the past Pin­in­fa­rina has pro­duced both cars and car-bod­ies under con­tract from other au­tomak­ers. This pro­duc­tion in­cludes Pin­in­fa­rina-de­signed cars and ve­hi­cles de­signed by others.

A sortable list of com­plete cars or car bod­ies man­u­fac­tured in one of the five Pin­in­fa­rina factories:

1947 Maserati A6 1500 PininFarina1953 Maserati A6G 2000 bodied by Zagato PininFarina1951 Cistialia 202 SC Pininfarina CoupéAlfa Romeo 6C 2500 SS Pinin Farina CabrioletAlfa Romeo 6C 2500 SS Coupé, coachbuilding by Pininfarina1949 Maserati A6 1500 Coupé Pininfarina1950-52 Lancia Aurelia B50 cabriolet by Pinin Farina1950-58 Lancia Aurelia B20 GT, 6th Series. Lancia Flaminia Coupe Pininfarina1952 Alfa Romeo 1900 C Cabriolet PF1952 ALFA ROMEO 1900 C SPRINT PININFARINA COUPE1952 Alfa Romeo 1900C PF 2+2 Cabriolet1952 Ferrari 212 Inter Pininfarina coupé1952 Lancia D20 Pininfarina + last one at le mans 19531953 Nash Healey Pininfarina Roadstar1954 Ferrari 375 MM and Ingrid Bergman and her husband Robert Rossellini to her right.Carrozzeria Pinin Farina1953 Lancia D23 Spider Pininfarina

1953 Lancia D24 Pininfarina Spider Sport; top car design rating and specifications

1953-54 Lancia D24 Spyder Sport PininFarina1954 fiat-1100-tv-coupe-pininfarina-1954-(italie)

1954 FIAT 1100 TV PininFarinaLancia Aurelia B24 (+B25 remakes) Spider America PininFarinaMaserati A6 GCS/53 Berlinetta PininFarina1956 Lancia Aurelia B24S Spider boasts a race-developed V6 engine, outstanding handling and beautiful Pininfarina styling1956 Alfa Giulietta Spider Pininfarina Grey Main1958 LANCIA APPIA SERIES2+2 PININFARINA COUPE1959 Ferrari 250 GT Coupé Pininfarina1962 Alfa Giulietta Spider Pininfarina1959 Cadillac Eldorado Brougham by Pininfarina1959 Lancia Flaminia Coupé Pinin Farina1961 Ferrari 250 GTE 2+2 Pininfarina1966 Peugeot 404 Pininfarina Coupé1967 Peugeot 404 Coupe Cabriolet Pininfarina1962 MHV Lancia Flavia Pininfarina Coupé-011965 Lancia Flavia-Pininfarina Mk11968 Lancia Flavia Pininfarina Convertibile1971 Lancia 2000 HF Pinifarina Coupe1963 Alfa Romeo Giulia 1600 Series 105 Pininfarina1963 Alfa-Giulia-Spider-DV-10 1600 Pininfarina1963-68 Ferrari 330 gtc pininfarina1967 Ferrari 330 GT 2+2 Pininfarina1964 MHV Ferrari 330GT America Pininfarina 011968 Interior of Ferrari 330 GT 2+2 Pininfarina (serie II)1966 Ferrari 330 GTS Pininfarina1967 Ferrari 330 GTC Pininfarina during the Saxony Classic Rallye 20101962 Ferrari 330 LM Berlinetta Pininfarina1967 Alfa Romeo 1600cc Duetto-white Pininfarina-DV-16-CI1968-72 Alfa Romeo Giulia 1600 Tubolare Zagato (TZ) Coupe by Pininfarina1968-70 Alfa Romeo 1750 Spider Veloce North America (105) designed by PininfarinaPeugeot 504 Coupé designed by PininfarinaPeugeot 504 Cabriolet designed by Pininfarina1972 Ferrari 365 GTC 4 Pininfarina1971-75 Lancia 2000 Pininfarina Berlina 1973 1991ccFerrari 400 GT4 2+2 desined by PininfarinaLancia Monte-Carlo PininfarinaPeugeot-Talbot Samba Cabrio Design Pininfarina (Clássico)

Fiat Campagniola ?1986 Ferrari-Testarossa-Spider-by-Pininfarina1984-86 Alfa Romeo 33 1.5 4×4 Giardinetta (905) designed by Pininfarinaferrari-412 pininfarina

Ferrari 412 GT

peugeot 205-cabriolet-pininfarina1990 Cadillac Allante 25 Pininfarina1987-93 CADILLAC Allante Cabriolet PininfarinaFerrari 456 GT PininfarinaPininfarina Ferrari 456GT Venice Convertible Brunei 161993-00 Pininfarina designed Fiat Coupé 20v Turbo Model1993-02 peugeot 306 pininfarina designed cabrioletBentley Azure Mark I Convertible disigned by Pininfarinalancia kappa-sw-designed by pininfarinaPeugeot 406 Coupé designed by pininfarina2002 Mitsubishi Pajero Pinin ZR 5-door wagonAlfa Romeo GTV & Spider 916 series designed by pininfarinaHONDA ARGENTO VIVO BY PININFARINAford streetka designed by pininfarinapininfarina designed ford streetka2012 Pininfarina designed Alfa Romeo Brera Milan Design Week Superstudio in 20122006 Alfa Spider VI Pininfarina2006 Alfa Romeo Spider VI Pininfarina with extracted roof2015 ford-focus-cabrio-render-pininfarina2015 ford-focus-cabrio-render-pininfarina a2011 Volvo C70 II Pininfarina2008 mitsubishi colt czc pininfarina2006-09 Pininfarina Mitsubishi Colt CZCLancia Beta Montecarlo pininfarinaLancia Beta Montecarlo cabrio pininfarinaPininfarina designed Lancia 037 en version stradale1975 Fiat 130 Coupe PininfarinaFiat Dino 2.0-pininfarina-coupelancia gamma-coupe pininfarina1934 Alfa Romeo 6C 2300 Pescara Touring Cabriolet

Years	Model	Factory	Quantity
1946–1949	Maserati A6 1500 Turismo	107 Corso Trapani	58
1947–1952	Cisitalia 202	107 Corso Trapani	170
1947–1951	Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 Super Cabriolet	107 Corso Trapani	64
1948–1951	Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 Super Sport Cabriolet	107 Corso Trapani	25-30
1948	Maserati A6 1500 Spider	107 Corso Trapani	2
1950–1952	Lancia Aurelia B50 Cabriolet	107 Corso Trapani	265
1950–1958	Lancia Aurelia B20 Coupé	107 Corso Trapani	2,640
1952	Alfa Romeo 1900 C Cabriolet	107 Corso Trapani	88
1952–1953	Alfa Romeo 1900 C Coupé	107 Corso Trapani	100
1952–1953	Ferrari 212 Inter cabriolet	107 Corso Trapani	2
1952–1953	Ferrari 212 Inter coupé	107 Corso Trapani	11
1952–1953	Lancia D20 coupé	107 Corso Trapani	7
1952–1954	Nash-Healey	107 Corso Trapani	402
1953	Ferrari 375 MM Spider	107 Corso Trapani	15
1953	Lancia D23 Spyder	107 Corso Trapani	4 (re-bodied D20s)
1953-1954	Lancia D24 Spyder	107 Corso Trapani	6
1954–1957	Fiat 1100 TV Coupé	107 Corso Trapani	126
1954–1955	Lancia Aurelia B24 Spider America	107 Corso Trapani	240
1954	Lancia D25 Spyder	107 Corso Trapani	4 (re-bodied D24s)
1954	Maserati A6 GCS/53 Berlinetta	107 Corso Trapani	4
1956	Lancia Aurelia B24 Spider	107 Corso Trapani	521
1956–1958	Alfa Romeo Giulietta Spider	107 Corso Trapani	5,493
1957–1959	Lancia Appia Pininfarina Coupe 2 +2 Series II	–	302
1958–1960	Ferrari 250 GT Coupe Pininfarina	Grugliasco	335
1959–1962	Alfa Romeo Giulietta Spider	Grugliasco	11,503
1959–1960	Cadillac Eldorado Brougham	Grugliasco	200
1959–1967	Lancia Flaminia Coupé	Grugliasco	5,236
1960–1963	Ferrari 250 GTE 2+2	Grugliasco	955 including prototypes
1961–1968	Peugeot 404 Coupé and Cabriolet	Grugliasco	17,223 ( 10,389 Cabriolets, 6,834 Coupés)
1962–1971	Lancia Flavia Coupé	Grugliasco	26,084
1962–1965	Alfa Romeo Giulia 1600 Spider	Grugliasco	10,336
1963	Ferrari 330 America	Grugliasco	50
1964-1967	Ferrari 330 GT 2+2	Grugliasco	1080
1966–1968	Alfa Romeo Giulia Spider Duetto 1600 Spider	Grugliasco	6,322
1966-1968	Ferrari 330 GTC	Grugliasco	604
1966-1968	Ferrari 330 GTS	Grugliasco	100
1966–1985	Fiat 124 Sport Spider	Grugliasco	198,120
1967	Ferrari 330 GTC Coupe Speciale	Grugliasco	3
1968–1972	Alfa Romeo Giulia Spider 1300 and 1600 Junior	Grugliasco	4,913
1968–1972	Alfa Romeo 1750 Spider Veloce	Grugliasco	8,920
1969–1983	Peugeot 504 Coupé	Grugliasco	22,975
1969–1983	Peugeot 504 Cabriolet	Grugliasco	8,191
1971–1972	Ferrari 365 GTC/4	Grugliasco	505
1971–1975	Lancia 2000 Coupé Berlina	Grugliasco	–
1976–1985	Ferrari 400	Grugliasco	1,808
1981–1984	Lancia Beta Coupé HPE	Grugliasco	18.917
1981–1985	Peugeot Talbot Samba Cabriolet	Grugliasco	13,062
1981–1986	Fiat Campagnola	Grugliasco	15,198
1984–1993	Ferrari Testarossa	Grugliasco / San Giorgio	–
1984–1986	Alfa Romeo 33 Giardinetta	Grugliasco	12,238
1985–1989	Ferrari 412 & 412 GT	Grugliasco	576
1984–1993	Peugeot 205 Cabriolet	Grugliasco	72,125
1986–1993	Cadillac Allanté	San Giorgio Canavese	21,430
1992–1996	Ferrari 456 GT	–	3289
1993–2000	Fiat Coupé	–	72,762
1993–2002	Peugeot 306 Cabriolet	San Giorgio Canavese	–
1996–1999	Bentley Azure Mark I Convertible	–	895
1996–2000	Lancia Kappa SW	–	9,208
1996–2004	Peugeot 406 Coupé	San Giorgio Canavese	107,633
1999–2005	Mitsubishi Pajero Pinin	Bairo Canavese and Grugliasco	68,555
2000–2004	Alfa Romeo GTV & Spider 916 series	San Giorgio Canavese	15,788
2002	Honda Pininfarina Argento Vivo	–	4–5
2002–2005	Ford Streetka	Bairo Canavese	37,076
2005–2010	Alfa Romeo Brera	San Giorgio Canavese	21,786
2006–2010	Alfa Romeo Spider	San Giorgio Canavese	12,488
2006–2010	Ford Focus Coupé Cabriolet	Bairo Canavese	36,374
2006–2013	Volvo C70 II	Uddevalla, Sweden	–
2006–2008	Mitsubishi Colt CZC	Bairo Canavese	16,695
1974–1981	Lancia Beta Montecarlo Cabrio	Grugliasco	4,375
1975–1981	Lancia Beta Montecarlo Coupé	Grugliasco	3,203
1981	Lancia 037	Grugliasco	220
1971–1976	Fiat 130 Coupé	Grugliasco	4,491
1966–1972	Fiat Dino Spider	Grugliasco	1,583
1976–1984	Lancia Gamma Coupé	Grugliasco	6,790

Notable car designs

Austin A40 MkII. Main differences from the MkI were the wide grille and the 1098cc Aseries Engine behind it 1961 Austin A40 Farina Mk II

1961 Fiat 2300 Pininfarina

Ferrari Dino berlinetta

1982 Rolls-Royce Camargue

1987 Alfa Romeo 164

2006 Ferrari P4/5 by Pininfarina

Lancia Montecarlo Series 2 by Pininfarina

Pre World War II

Be­fore the war Pin­in­fa­rina built car bod­ies mostly for in­di­vid­ual cus­tomers, many of the bod­ies were “one offs” and not mass-produced.

1931 Lancia Dilambda – the first official Pinin Farina special, presented at the Concours d’Elegance at Villa d’Este1931 Hispano Suiza H6C Coupé Chauffeur1931 Hispano Suiza Pinin Farina Coupé 1931 Hispano Suiza Coupé 1931 Cadillac V16 Roadster – for the Maharajah of Orccha1932 Fiat 518 Ardita designed by Pininfarina 1932 Fiat 518 Ardita1933 Alfa Romeo 8C 2300 Cabriolet (Pininfarina)1933 Alfa Romeo 8C 23001934 Alfa-Romeo-6C-2500-S-Stabilimenti-Farina-Cabriolet-14751 1934 Alfa Rome 6C 2300 B Cabriolet1936 Lancia Astura Cabriolet tipo Bocca – a series of six cars made for the Bocca brothers, Lancia dealers in Biella, Italy – designed by Pininfarina1935 alfa romeo 6C 2300 pescara coupe aerodinamico pininfarina 1935 Alfa Romeo 6C Pescara Coupé aerodinamico1936-39 Lancia Aprilia was manufactured by Lancia, one of the first designed using wind tunnel in collaboration with Battista Farina 1936 Lancia Aprilia1936 Alfa-Romeo-8C-2900B-Stabilimenti-Farina-Cabriolet-25684 1936 Alfa Romeo 8C 29001937 Alfa-Romeo-6C-2300-B-Pescara-Pinin-Farina-Berlinetta 1937 Alfa Romeo 6C 2300-B Pescara Berlinetta1937 Lancia Aprilia Aerodinamica Pininfarina

1938 Lancia Astura PF Convertible Front Laganland Bilmuseum, Sweden 1938 Lancia Astura1943 Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 Super Sport Pinin Farina Cabriolet

Concept cars, Prototypes and Individual commissions

In ad­di­tion to pro­duc­tion ve­hi­cles, Pin­in­fa­rina cre­ates pro­to­type, show, and cus­tom cars for auto man­u­fac­tur­ers, as well as pri­vate clients. Most pro­to­types—such as the Fer­rari Mythos—have served solely as con­cept cars, al­though sev­eral have be­come pro­duc­tion mod­els, in­clud­ing the Fer­rari 612 Scagli­etti and Fer­rari F50.

A re­cent pri­vately com­mis­sioned cus­tom ex­am­ple was the Fer­rari P4/5 of 2006, a one-car re­body (chang­ing the ex­te­rior de­sign) of the Enzo Fer­rari ac­cord­ing to the client’s spec­i­fi­ca­tions. Its de­sign began in Sep­tem­ber 2005 with sketches by Jason Cas­tri­ota mov­ing through com­puter aided sculp­ture and strin­gent wind tun­nel test­ing. More than 200 com­po­nents were de­signed es­pe­cially for the car though the en­gine, dri­ve­train and many other com­po­nents are sim­ply mod­i­fied from the orig­i­nal Enzo Fer­rari. The Ve­hi­cle Iden­ti­fi­ca­tion Num­ber (VIN) is un­changed from the Enzo it was de­rived from. The P4/5 was pub­licly re­vealed on Au­gust 18, 2006 at the Peb­ble Beach Con­cours d’El­e­gance and shown again at the Paris Motor Show in late Sep­tem­ber. An­other re­cent pro­to­type is the Pin­in­fa­rina Nido, a two-seater sub-com­pact that could pos­si­bly make airbags obsolete.

The Pin­in­fa­rina B0 so­lar-elec­tric con­cept, de­signed with Bol­loré was shown at the 2008 Paris Motor Show fea­tur­ing a range be­tween charges of more than 150 miles (241 km) with an elec­tron­i­cally lim­ited 88-mile-per-hour (142 km/h) top speed, and an es­ti­mated ac­cel­er­a­tion to 37 miles per hour (60 km/h) in 6.3 seconds. The car has solar pan­els on the roof and on the nose, while its bat­tery pack is said to last up to 125,000 miles (201,168 km).

On May 15, 2013 Pin­in­fa­rina an­nounced the BMW Pin­in­fa­rina Gran Lusso Coupé to be re­vealed on May 24 at the Con­corso d’El­e­ganza Villa d’Este. Pin­in­fa­rina an­nounced this one-off con­cept car as the first col­lab­o­ra­tion be­tween BMW and Pininfarina, but in 1949 BMW com­mis­sioned Pin­in­fa­rina de­sign and build a pro­to­type of the BMW 501—it was re­jected for being too modern.

1949 Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 Coupe Speciale

1949 bmw-501-prototype-1949-designed-by-pininfarina 1949 BMW 5011952 Lancia-Aurelia-B52-PininFarina200-Cabriolet 1952 Lancia Aurelia B52 PF 200 spider –version 11952 Lancia Aurelia B52 PF 200 coupé –version 11953 Lancia Aurelia B52 PF 200 spider –version 2 and 31954 Cadillac Series 62 PF -built for Norman Granz1954 Lancia Aurelia B52 PF 200 coupé –version 21955 Ferrari 375MM Speciale DV PalmBeach Pininfarina design1955 Ferrari 375-America Speciale Designed by Pininfarina 1955 Ferrari 375 America Coupé Speciale

1955 lancia aurelia b55 pf200 coupe pininfarina 1955 Lancia Aurelia B55 PF 200 coupé –version 31955 Nash Pininfarina Special 1955 Nash Special1956 Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM Super Flow Coupe I1956 Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM Super Flow II Coupe Pininfarina1956 PininFarina Nash Rambler Palm Beach Coupe Special D-12575 1956 Rambler Palm Beach1957 Fiat Abarth 750 Pininfarina Record Car Photo 1957 Abarth 750 Bialbero Record1957 Abarth 500 750 1000 Coupe1957 Lancia Florida1959 Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM Spyder Super Sport1960 Ferrari Superamerica Superfast 21960 Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM Super Flow IV Coupe Pininfarina1960 Pininfarina X1961 Pininfarina Cadillac Brougham ‘Jacqueline’ Coupe 1961 Cadillac “Jacqueline” Brougham Coupé (named after Jacqueline Kennedy)1961 Ferrari 250 GT Pininfarina Coupe Speciale1962 Speciale designed by Pininfarina · Fiat 2300 Coupe 1962 Fiat 2300 Coupe Speciale1963 Alfa Romeo 2600 Coupe Speciale (Pininfarina) 1963 Alfa Romeo 2600 Coupe Speciale1963 Chevrolet Corvair Super Spyder Coupé Monza GT.1 designed by Pininfarina 1963 Chevrolet Corvair Super Spyder Coupé (2 built)1963 Pininfarina Chevrolet Corvette Rondine Coupé1963 Fiat 2300 Cabriolet Speciale Pininfarina 1963 Fiat 2300 Cabriolet Speciale1963 Pininfarina Fiat 2300 S Speciale Lausanne Coupe 1963 Fiat 2300 S Coupe Speciale Lausanne1964 Pininfarina Fiat 2300 S Coupe Speciale 1964 Fiat 2300 S Coupe Speciale1963 Pininfarina PF Sigma 1963 Pininfarina PF Sigma1963 Mercedes-Benz 230 SL Coupe (Pininfarina) 1963 Mercedes-Benz 230SL concept car (“Pininfarina Coupé”)1964 Abarth 1000 Coupe Speciale (Pininfarina)1964 Abarth 1000 Spider (Pininfarina) 1964 Abarth 1000 Spyder1965 Pininfarina Abarth 1000 Coupe Speciale 1965 Abarth 1000 Coupe Speciale1965 Pininfarina Alfa Romeo Giulia 1600 Sport Tubolare 1965 Alfa Romeo Giulia Sport Tubolare1965 Ferrari-206-P-Dino-Pininfarina-Berlinetta-Speciale 1965 Ferrari Dino 206 Berlinetta Speciale1965 Ferrari-250-LM-Pininfarina-Stradale-Speciale 1965 Ferrari 250 LM Pininfarina Stradale Speciale1965 Ferrari 365P Berlinetta Speciale 3-posti (2 built) Pininfarina 1965 Ferrari 365P Berlinetta Speciale 3-posti (2 built)1965 Fiat 2300 S Coupe Speciale (Pininfarina) 1965 Fiat 2300 S Coupe Speciale1967 Pininfarina BMC-1800 Berlina-Aerodinamica 1967 BMC 1800 Berlina-Aerodinamica1967 Ferrari Dino 206 Competizione (Pininfarina) 1967 Ferrari Dino 206 Competizione1967 Fiat Dino Parigi (Pininfarina) Paris 1967 Fiat Dino Parigi1968 Bentley T1 Coupe Speciale (Pininfarina) 1968 Bentley T1 Coupe Speciale1968 Pininfarina BLMC-1100 Berlina-Aerodinamica 1968 Pininfarina BLMC 11001968 Alfa Romeo Tipo 33 La Roadster Pininfarina1968 Ferrari P6 Berlinetta Speciale Pininfarina1968 MG EX.234 Roadster Pininfarina 1968 MG EX.234 Roadster1968 Ferrari 250 P5 (Pininfarina) Speciale 1968 Ferrari 250 P5 Speciale1969 Abarth 2000 (Pininfarina) 1969 Abarth 20001969 Alfa Romeo P33 Coupe (Pininfarina) 1969 Alfa Romeo Tipo 33 Coupé 33/21969 Pininfarina Sigma Grand Prix monoposto F1 1969 Ferrari Sigma Grand Prix monoposto F11969 Ferrari 512S Speciale (Pininfarina) 1969 Ferrari 512S Berlinetta Speciale1969 Pininfarina Fiat 128 Teenager Beach Buggy 1969 Fiat 128 Teenager1970 Ferrari 512S Modulo Pininfarina Concept 1 1970 Ferrari 512 S Modulo1971 Alfa Romeo P33 Cuneo (Pininfarina) 1971 Alfa Romeo Tipo 33 Cuneo Spider 33/21971 Peugeot 504 Break Riviera (Pininfarina) 1971 Peugeot Break Riviera1971 Pininfarina NSU RO-80 01 1971 NSU Ro 801973 Alfa Romeo Alfetta Spider (Pininfarina) 1973 Alfa Romeo Alfetta Spider1973 Autobianchi A 112 Giovani (Pininfarina) 1973 Autobianchi A 112 Giovani1973 Chevrolet XP-897GT Two-Rotor (Pininfarina) 1973 Chevrolet Corvette XP-897GT – Designed by GM, built by Pininfarina1974 Ferrari CR 25 (Pininfarina) 1974 Ferrari CR 251974 Fiat 130 Maremma (Pininfarina) 1974 Fiat 130 Maremma 1975 Alfa Romeo Eagle (Pininfarina) 1975 Alfa Romeo Eagle1975 Fiat 130 Opera (Pininfarina) 1975 Fiat 130 Opera sedan1975 Peugeot Peugette (Pininfarina) b-w 1975 Peugeot Peugette1978 Fiat Ecos (Pininfarina) 1978 Fiat Ecos1978 Jaguar XJ Spider (Pininfarina) 1978 Jaguar XJ Spider1978 Lancia Gamma Spider (Pininfarina) 1978 Lancia Gamma Spider1978 Pininfarina Studio CNR 1978 Pininfarina CNR-PF1980 Ferrari Pinin (Pininfarina) 1980 Ferrari Pinin1980 Lancia Gamma Scala (Pininfarina) 1980 Lancia Gamma Scala sedan1981 Audi Quartz (Pininfarina) 1981 Audi Quartz1982 Lancia Gamma Olgiata (Pininfarina) 1982 Lancia Gamma Olgiata1983 Fiat Ritmo Coupe (Pininfarina) 1983 Pininfarina Brio – based on Fiat Ritmo Abarth 125 TC1984 Honda HP-X (Pininfarina) 1984 Honda HP-X concept car1985 Peugeot Griffe 4 (Pininfarina) 1985 Peugeot Griffe 41986 Alfa Romeo Vivace Coupe and Spider (Pininfarina) 1986 Alfa Romeo Vivace Coupe and Spider

1988 Lancia HIT (Pininfarina) 1988 Lancia HIT 1989 pininfarina ferrari mythos 1989 Ferrari Mythos1990 Pininfarina CNR E21991 Opel Chronos Pininfarina1992 Fiat Cinquecento 4×4 pick-up1992 Pininfarina Ethos1993 Pininfarina Ethos 21994 Fiat Spunto1994 Pininfarina Ethos 3 1995 Honda Argento Vivo (Pininfarina) 1995 Honda Argento Vivo1995 Honda SSM (Pininfarina) 1995 Honda SSM1996 Fiat Sing e Song – a pair of concept cars based on the Fiat Bravo and Brava Pininfarina 1996 Pininfarina etabeta 1997 Peugeot Nautilus concept designed by Pininfarina 1998 Alfa Romeo Dardo Spider Pininfarina 1999 Fiat Wish Cabriolet / Coupé Pininfarina 1999 Pininfarina Metrocubo2000 Ferrari Rossa Pininfarina 2001 Ford Start (Pininfarina) 2001 Ford Start 2001 Citroën Osée Pininfarina2002 Hafei HF Fantasy Pininfarina 2003 Pininfarina Lotus Enjoy 2004 Pininfarina Double-Face 2004 Pininfarina Nido2004 Saturn Curve – Built by Pininfarina, designed by GM in Sweden 2005 Chery M14 (Pininfarina) 2005 Chery M14 2005 Maserati Birdcage 75th Pininfarina

2006 Ferrari 612 Scaglietti “Kappa” one-off for Peter S. Kalikow2006 Ferrari P4/5 by Pininfarina2008 Pininfarina B0 electric car2008 Pininfarina Sintesi2008 Rolls-Royce Phantom Drophead Coupé Hyperion designed by Pininfarina 2008 Rolls-Royce Phantom Drophead Coupé Hyperion2009 Tata Pr1ma concept car designed by Pininfarina 2009 Tata Pr1ma concept car2009 Ferrari P540 Superfast Aperta – one off for Edward Walson, based on the Ferrari 599 Pininfarina2009 Ferrari P540 Superfast Aperta – one off for Edward Walson, based on the Ferrari 5992010 Alfa Romeo 2uettottanta concept car Pininfarina 2010 Alfa Romeo 2uettottanta concept car2010 Lancia Stratos for Michael Stoschek pininfarina 2010 Lancia Stratos for Michael Stoschek 2010 Pininfarina Nido EV2012 Pininfarina Cambiano concept car2012 Ferrari SP12 EC one-off for Eric Clapton

Pininfarina Sergio Concept Geneva 2013 2013 Pininfarina Sergio concept car

2013 BMW Pininfarina Gran Lusso Coupe 2013 BMW Gran Lusso Coupé2014 Ferrari Sergio Pininfarina Tribute Car 2014 Ferrari Sergio2016 H2 Speed concept car pininfarina 2016 H2 Speed concept car

Production Cars Designed by Pininfarina

A list of Post WWII cars de­signed by Pin­in­fa­rina that went into production.

1948 Cisitalia 202 SC Coupe by Pininfarina 1948 Cisitalia 202

1949 Simca 8 Sport Pininfarina Coupé1949 Simca 8 Pininfarina Sport Cabriolet 1949 Simca 8 Sport Coupé and Cabriolet1951 Rolls-Royce Silver Dawn Pininfarina continental coupe only 11952 Ferrari-250-GT-Pininfarina-Coupe-Speciale 1952 Ferrari 2501952 Nash Ambassador Pininfarina1952 Nash Healey Pininfarina Roadster 1952 Nash-Healey1953 Maserati A6GC53-Berlinetta-PininFarina1953 Maserati A6GCS 53 Spyder Pininfarina 1953 Four Berlinetta and one Spyder version of the Maserati A6GCS/531956 Alfa Romeo Giulietta Pininfarina Spider1955 ferrari 410 superamerica pininfarna coupe 1955 Ferrari 410 Superamerica1955 Peugeot 403-berline-et-cabriolet pininfarina 1955 Peugeot 4031956 Austin A40 Farina (Mark I) 1956 Austin A40 Farina1957 Lancia-Flaminia-Zagato-Pininfarina Super-Sport-side-view 1957 Lancia Flaminia

1958 BMC 1800 Landcrab history AROnline Pininfarina 1958 BMC Farina cars

Austin A55 Mk2: ADO 9 or Austin Drawing office 9 was the nearest to production car to Farina’s design proposal. This was the only car in this family to be built exclusively at Longbridge. As launched in 1959, the A55 Mk II had a rather severe, square, mesh front grille, very prominent fins and a body style which left the wheels well tucked in and looking a touch too small for the rest of the machine.

1959 Austin A55 MkII Pininfarina Cambridge rear Austin A55 Cambridge Mk II1959 mg magnette pininfarina mkIII MG Magnette Mk IIIMorris Oxford Farina VRiley 4/68 Pininfarina

Wolseley 16/60 Wolseley 15/60 Pininfarina

1959-61 Fiat 1800-2100 (112-114) designed by Pininfarina 1959 Fiat 1800/21001961 Ferrari 250 GTE Coupe Pininfarina 1960 Ferrari 250 GTE1960 peugeot-404 pininfarina 1960 Peugeot 4041961 Fiat 2300 Pininfarina 1961 Fiat 23001962 ado16dev pininfarina 101972 BMC ADO16 Austin 1300GT 1380cc Pininfarina 1962 BMC ADO16

1963 Datsun 1200 Bluebird 410 Pininfarina 1963 Datsun Bluebird 4101964 BMC ADO17 Pininfarina

1964 Ferrari 275 GTB-C Berlinetta Speciale, Body by Pininfarina-Scaglietti 1964 Ferrari 275

1965 Ferrari-206-P-Dino-Pininfarina-Berlinetta-Speciale 1965 Ferrari Dino 2061965 MGB GT1965 Nissan Cedric 1301965 Peugeot 204 limo Pininfarina1974 Peugeot 204 Break PininfarinaPeugeot 204 Pininfarina CoupéPeugeot 204 Pininfarina Cabriolet1966 Alfa Romeo Spider 1600 Duetto Battista Pininfarina1966 Ferrari 275 Pininfarina GTB-4 Steel1967 Ferrari 275 GTB Pininfarina1967 Ferrari.275.GTB-4.NART.Spyder Pininfarina 1966 Ferrari 275 GTB/C1966 Ferrari 330 GT 2 PlNINFARINA 2 DV-07-CC 1966 Ferrari 330 GTC1966 PININFARINA COUPE and the FIAT 124 SPIDER 1966 Fiat 124 Sport Spider1966-72 fiat-dino-spider-pininfarina 1966 Fiat Dino Spider1966 ika renault torino pininfarina 300 1966 IKA-Renault Torino1968 Ferrari Daytona1968 Peugeot 504 Cabriolet and Coupe Pininfarina1969 Peugeot 304 Cabriolet and Coupe Pininfarina1971 Fiat 130 Coupé designed by Pininfarina 1971 Fiat 130 Coupe

1971 Ferrari 365 GTB-4 designed by Pininfarina 1971 Ferrari 365 GTC/4

1973 – 1976 Ferrari 365 GT4 BB Pininfarina 1973 Ferrari 365 GT4 BB1977 Ferrari 308 GTS 3 0 Pininfarina 1975 Ferrari 3081975-1986 peugeot-604-Pininfarina 1975 Peugeot 6041975 Lancia Beta Montecarlo Pininfarina 1975 Lancia Montecarlo1975 Rolls-Royce Camargue designed by Pininfarina 1975 Rolls-Royce Camargue1976 Peugeot Peugette designed by Pininfarina concept car1978 Pininfarina Jaguar XJ VI Spider 1978 Jaguar XJ61979 peugeot 505 designed by Pininfarina 1979 Peugeot 5051980 Ferrari Mondial Pininfarina 1980 Ferrari Mondial1984 Ferrari Testarossa Pininfarina 1984 Ferrari Testarossa1984-87 Ferrari 288 GTO Pininfarina 1984 Ferrari 288 GTO1985-89 Ferrari 328 GTS Pininfarina 1985 Ferrari 3281985 Peugeot 205 Cabriolet and Saloon (4 doors) based on Peugeot’s Director of Exterior Design, Gerard Welter’s, initial design of the 205 (1983) designed by Pininfarina1987-98 Alfa Romeo 164 designed by Pininfarina 1987 Alfa Romeo 1641986-93 Cadillac Allante design by Pininfarina 1987 Cadillac Allanté1987-92 Ferrari F40 PininFarina 1987 Ferrari F401987 Peugeot 405 Pininfarina1989-95 Ferrari 348 Pininfarina 1989 Ferrari 3481989-99 Peugeot 605 Pininfarina 1989 Peugeot 6051991-96 Honda Beat designed by Pininfarina 1991 Honda Beat1992-94 Jaguar XJ220 Pininfarina 1992 Jaguar XJ220—rebodied an unknown number of cars1992-03 Ferrari 456 GT Pininfarina 1995 1992 Ferrari 456 GT1993-00 Fiat Coupé Pininfarina1993-00 Fiat Coupè Momo Pininfarina Interiors  1993 Fiat Coupé – Interior only1993-02 Peugeot 306 GTI6 designed by Pininfarina 1993 Peugeot 3061994-99 Ferrari F355 Berlinetta Pininfarina 1994 Ferrari F3551994-03 Opel Omega B Pininfarina 1994 Opel Omega1994–02 Peugeot 306 (N5) cabriolet Pininfarina closed 1994 Peugeot 306 Cabriolet1993-06 Alfa Romeo Spider PininfarinaAlfa Romeo GTV 3.0 V6 24V rear pininfarina 1995 Alfa Romeo GTV & Spider1995 Ferrari F355 Spider Pininfarina 1995 Ferrari F355 Spider

?  1995 MG F – Roof Structure only

1995 Ferrari F50 Pininfarina1996 Ferrari 550 Maranello Pininfarina1996 Lancia Cappa Coupé Pininfarina1996 Lancia Kappa SW and coupé pininfarina1996 Lancia Kappa Station Wagon Pininfarina 1996 Lancia Kappa SW1997 Peugeot 406 Coupé rouge lucifer 2.0l 137ch designed by Pininfarina 1997 Peugeot 406 Coupé1999-05 Ferrari 360 Modena designed by pininfarina 1999 Ferrari 360 Modena

1999-present Hafei Zhongyi Pininfarina 1999 Songhuajiang Hafei Zhongyi2000-present Daewoo Rezzo Pininfarina Front 2000 Daewoo Tacuma1999-05 Ferrari 360 Modena Pininfarina2000-2005 Ferrari 360 Spider Pininfarina convertible 2000 Ferrari 360 Spider2000 Ferrari 550 Barchetta Pininfarina 2000 Ferrari 550 Barchetta2001-2004 Hyundai (Matrix)Elantra LaVita (FC) GLS hatchback pininfarina2011-present Hyundai Matrix 1.6 Comfort Pininfarina 2001 Hyundai Matrix2002-11 Daewoo Lacetti Pininfarina 2002 Daewoo Nubira/Lacetti saloon and station wagon2002-04 Ferrari Enzo Pininfarina Alexandre Prévot (1) 2002 Enzo Ferrari2002-06 Ferrari 575M Maranello Pininfarina 2002 Ferrari 575M Maranello2002-present Hafei Lobo Pininfarina 2002 Hafei Lobo1968 Maserati 4 Porte Pininfarina1971 Maserati Quattroporte AM121 Pininfarina1974 Maserati Medici Pininfarina Show car1986 Maserati Quattroporte III Pininfarina, seen in NY1987-1990 Maserati Quattroporte III Royale PininfarinaMaserati Quattroporte Pininfarina IV 22003 Maserati Quattroporte Pininfarina2012 Maserati Quattroporte Pininfarina VMaserati Quattroporte Sport Pininfarina GT 2003 Maserati QuattroporteFace Lifted Maserati Quattroporte Pininfarina2015 Maserati Quattroporte Pininfarina VI(16810746390)2012 Maserati Touring Superleggera Bellagio Pininfarina Fastback at Salon Privé2003 Ford StreetKa Pininfarina2004-11 Ferrari 612 Scaglietti Pininfarina 2004 Ferrari 612 Scaglietti2004-09 Ferrari F430 Pininfarina 2004 Ferrari F4302005-07 Hyundai Matrix Pininfarina front 2005 Hyundai Matrix2005-09 Peugeot 1007 Pininfarina 2005 Peugeot 10072006-12 Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano A6 Pininfarina 2006 Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano2006 mitsubishi colt czc pininfarina turbo 12006-08 Mitsubishi Colt CZC Pininfarina Worldwide2006-08 Mitsubishi Colt CZC Turbo Pininfarina Worldwide open 2006 Mitsubishi Colt CZCA Volvo C70 with retractable pininfarina hardtop 2006 Volvo C70 – Roof Structure engineering only2007–08 Hyundai Tiburon Pininfarina Coupé 2007 Hyundai Coupe

2007 Brilliance BS4 Pininfarina Zhonghua 2007 Brilliance BS4

2007 Chery A3 designed by Pininfarina 4-door sedan2012 Chery J3 (M1X) hatchback designed by pininfarina 2007 Chery A3 and Chery A3 Sport2007 Ford Focus Coupé-Cabriolet designed by Pininfarina 2007 Ford Focus CC by Pininfarina2008-17 Maserati Gran Turismo Pininfarina2013 Maserati GranTurismo Sport Pininfarina 2008 Maserati GranTurismo2008-13 Ferrari California designed by Pininfarina 2008 Ferrari California2009-15 Ferrari 458 Italia Pininfarina2011-16 Ferrari FF Pininfarina 2011 Ferrari FF2012-present Ferrari F12 berlinetta Pininfarina 2012 Ferrari F12 Berlinetta2016 Ferrari F12tdf pininfarina at the 2016 Goodwood Festival of Speed2014-present Ferrari California T Pininfarina 2014 Ferrari California T

Electric propulsion

2008 Pininfarina Bolloré B0 Pininfarina B0

Pin­in­fa­rina has an area ded­i­cated to the new elec­tric car Pin­in­fa­rina Bol­loré. Bat­ter­ies are pro­duced by the French Bol­loré Group.

Pin­in­fa­rina, has in­tro­duced its own elec­tric ve­hi­cle con­cept, the Pin­in­fa­rina B0 (pro­nounced “B Zero”). The four-seat hatch­back fea­tures a solid-state lithium-poly­mer bat­tery, su­per­ca­pac­i­tors, and a roof- in­te­grated solar panel to achieve a range of 153 miles (246 km). De­vel­oped in part­ner­ship with the Bolore Group, the ve­hi­cle is slated for lim­ited pro­duc­tion in 2009.

Pin­in­fa­rina will dis­play a tur­bine-pow­ered plug-in hy­brid called the Cam­biano at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show.

At the 2016 Geneva Motor Show Pin­in­fa­rina re­vealed the H2 Speed, an elec­tric sports car concept. The H2 Speed is a hy­dro­gen ve­hi­cle with two race-spec­i­fi­ca­tion elec­tric mo­tors which are fed by a hy­dro­gen fuel cell. The hy­dro­gen power unit was de­signed by Swiss com­pany GreenGT.

Other vehicles

Nautical design

• Primatist Aerotop Pininfarina range: G46, G53, B62, G70.
• Magnum Marine 80′ Series
• Pershing 88′ Pininfarina Limited Edition, a one-off body designed by Pininfarina. Yacht was used in a Visa Black Card commercial.
• Fincantieri Ottantacinque by Pininfarina Project.
• Schaefer 620 and 800 by Pininfarina, interiors.
• Persico Marine WallyCento Project.
• Azimut 65 Pininfarina.

Mass transport

2000 Mercedes-Benz O405G Hispano Habit

The ETR 500 Frecciarossa of the Italian Railways Pininfarina design

SBB Re 460 Schottikon alternate crop Pininfarina design

 1991-1997 Re 460 locomotive and IC 2000 train

1987–2000 ETR 500 Italian high-speed trainset

1991 SBB-CFF-FFS Re 460 (electric locomotive for the Swiss Federal Railways)

Treno ad alta frequentazione Pininfarina design 1996 ALe 426/506 TAF “High Occupancy Train” for Italian commuter lines.

IC2000 Zurich – Lucerne with the control car leading the train Pinifarina design 1997 IC 2000 (double-decker train for the Swiss Federal Railways, matching the electric locomotive Re 460)

• 1999–2007 AnsaldoBredaType 8 Green Line Trolley Car for the MBTA.
• 2000 Hispano CarroceraHabit buses.
• 2000 SBB-CFF-FFS RABDe 500 (tilting train for the Swiss Federal Railways)
• 2001 AnsaldoBredaBM72electric multiple unit trains for the Norwegian Railways.
• 2001 Cobra tram for Zürich.
• 2004 AnsaldoBredaSirio tram, Athens version
• 2005 AnsaldoBredaIC4 inter-city diesel multiple unit trains for the Danish railways.

2008 Ansaldo Breda Pininfarina Fyra V250 4806 2008 AnsaldoBredaV250 Albatros high-speed train for NS Hispeed

• 2009 AnsaldoBreda-Firema Metrostar, suburban train for Circumvesuviana in Naples
• 2009 Eurostar appoints Pininfarina to undertake design work for train refurbishment.

Other works

Pin­in­fa­rina also works with other com­pa­nies such as Sim­pleTech for prod­uct design.

Other Pin­in­fa­rina prod­uct de­signs in­clude the 2006 Win­ter Olympics torch, caul­dron and medals, as well as major ap­pli­ance col­lec­tions for Gorenje.

Pininfarina logo on Coca-Cola Freestyle machine

Pin­in­fa­rina was a de­sign con­trac­tor for the de­vel­op­ment of Coca-Cola Freestyle.

Subsidiaries

Pin­in­fa­rina Extra, founded in 1986, is the Pin­in­fa­rina Group de­sign com­pany which does not work in the trans­port sec­tor. Ex­am­ples include:

• The Keating Hotel in San Diego, California
• 1100 Millecento Residences interiors in Miami, Florida announced in 2012
• Beachwalk waterfront residences interiors in Hallandale Beach, Florida announced in 2013
• Pininfarina Wine

See also

• Mahindra & Mahindra
• Magna Steyr
• Heuliez
• Valmet Automotive
• Ken Okuyama
• Sergio Pininfarina
• Battista Farina
• Andrea Pininfarina

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External links

• Official website
• Pininfarina Sverige
• Foster, Patrick R. (Winter 2001). “Nashes With an Italian Accent” (PDF). FORWARD: The American Heritage of DaimlerChrysler: 33–37. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 April 2006. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
• BMC 1800 & 1100 – detail on these influential design proposals
• The Cisitalia 2002 at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.
• Cisitalia Museum
• The Keating Hotel in downtown San Diego.
• Pininfarina Wine
• Pininfarina at coachbuild.com

Coachbuilders of Italy
Allemano Balbo Boano Boneschi Bertone Castagna Cecomp Coggiola Colli Coriasco De Simon Ellena Fantuzzi Fioravanti Stabilimenti Farina Fissore Fontana Frua Garavini Ghia Ghia-Aigle Italdesign Giugiaro Francis Lombardi Maggiora Marazzi Monterosa Monviso Motto Morelli Motto OSI Pininfarina Scaglietti Scioneri Studiotorino Drogo Sports Cars Touring Vignale Viotti Zagato

Automotive industry in Italy
Automotive industry Transport in Italy Economy of Italy
Active manufacturers	Passenger cars and LCVs Alkè De Tomaso DR Ducati Ferrari FCA Italy Abarth Alfa Romeo Fiat Fiat Professional Lancia Martin Maserati Fornasari Lamborghini Oto Melara Pagani Piaggio Commercial vehicles Bremach CNH Industrial Italy Iveco Astra Iveco Bus Quadricycles Casalini Giottiline Grecav Italcar Racing cars Dallara Osella Picchio Racing Cars Wolf Racing Cars
Defunct manufacturers	Passenger cars and LCVs ATS Bianchi Bizzarrini Ceirano Chiribiri Cisitalia Cizeta De Tomaso Diatto Fiat S.p.A. Autobianchi Innocenti Isotta Fraschini Itala Iso O.S.C.A. S.C.A.T. Siata Commercial vehicles OM S.P.A. Racing cars Stanguellini Bandini
Design, engineering, and coachbuilding	B Engineering Carrozzeria Barbi Carrozzeria Boneschi Carrozzeria Castagna Carrozzeria Ghia Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera Fioravanti Giannini Automobili Gruppo Bertone I.DE.A Institute Italdesign Giugiaro Carrozzeria Maggiora Pininfarina Studiotorino Zagato
Components	Alcantara Borrani Bremach Brembo Group AP Breco Marchesini Sabelt Colotti Trasmissioni Dell’Orto Fiat Powertrain Technologies VM Motori Fondmetal Graziano ICP Isotta Fraschini Landi Renzo Magneti Marelli Martin Momo OZ Group Pirelli Poltrona Frau SCAM Sparco SPICA
Related topics	Autostrade Bologna Motor Show

RENAULT Buses, cars, trucks France Part I Foundation and early years (1898–1918)

RENAULT

BUSES, CARS and TRUCKS

Renault S.A.

Drive the Change
Type	Société anonyme
Traded as	Euronext: RNO
Industry	Automotive
Founded	25 February 1899
Founder(s)	Louis Renault, Marcel Renault,Fernand Renault
Headquarters	Boulogne-Billancourt, France
Area served	Worldwide (118 countries)
Key people	Carlos Ghosn (Chairman and CEO)
Products	Automobiles, commercial vehicles, Luxury Cars, financing
Production output	2,708,206 (2013)
Revenue	€40.932 billion (2013)
Operating income	€-34 million (2013)
Profit	€695 million (2013)
Total assets	€74.99 billion (end 2013)
Total equity	€23.21 billion (end 2013)
Owner(s)	APE (15.01%) Nissan Finance Co., Ltd.(15%) Daimler AG (3.1%)
Employees	127,086 (December 2012)
Subsidiaries	List
Website	group.renault.com

Renault S.A. (French pronunciation:  re-noh) is a French multinational vehicle manufacturer established in 1899. The company produces a range of cars and vans, and in the past, trucks, tractors, tanks, buses/coaches and autorail vehicles. In 2011, Renault was the third biggest European automaker by production behind Volkswagen Group and PSA and the ninth biggest automaker in the world by production in 2011.

Headquartered in Boulogne-Billancourt, the Renault group is formed by the namesake Renault marque and subsidiaries Automobile Dacia from Romania and Renault Samsung Motors from South Korea. Renault has a 43.4% controlling stake in Nissan of Japan, a 25% stake in AvtoVAZ of Russia and a 1.55% stake in Daimler AG of Germany. Renault also owns subsidiaries RCI Banque (providing automotive financing), Renault Retail Group (automotive distribution) and Motrio (automotive parts). Renault Trucks, previously Renault Véhicules Industriels, has been part of Volvo Trucks since 2001. Renault Agriculture became 100% owned by German agricultural equipment manufacturer CLAAS in 2008. Renault has various joint ventures, including Turkish Oyak-Renault, Iranian Renault Pars, Chinese Dongfeng Renault. Carlos Ghosn is the current chairman and CEO and the French government owns a 15% share of Renault.

As part of the Renault–Nissan Alliance, the company is the fourth-largest automotive group. Together Renault and Nissan are undertaking significant electric car development, investing €4 billion (US$5.16 billion) in eight electric vehicles over three to four years from 2011.

The company’s core market is Europe and is known for its role in motor sport, and its success over the years in rallying and Formula 1.

History

Foundation and early years (1898–1918)

Louis Renault in 1903

The Renault corporation was founded in 1899 as Société Renault Frères by Louis Renault and his brothers Marcel and Fernand. Louis was a bright, aspiring young engineer who had already designed and built several models before teaming up with his brothers, who had honed their business skills working for their father’s textiles firm. While Louis handled design and production, Marcel and Fernand handled company management.

1900 RENAULT tonneau

1901 Renault Voiturette

The first Renault car, the Renault Voiturette 1CV was sold to a friend of Louis’ father after giving him a test ride on 24 December 1898. The client was so impressed with the way the tiny car ran and how it climbed the streets that he bought it.

1903 Renault type NC Double Phaeton

1903 renault types N-Q-U

1904 Renault CGV 25hp Roi des Belges

1905 renault type AG taxi

1905 Renault TYPE V1

1905 Renault, 13 Litre 4-cyl

In 1903, Renault began to manufacture its own engines in as much as until then it had been purchasing them from De Dion-Bouton. The first major sale was in 1905 to the Société des Automobiles de Place, which bought Renault AG1 cars to establish a fleet of taxis. These vehicles would eventually be used by the French military for transporting troops during World War I which earned them be known as “Taxi de la Marne.” By 1907, a significant percentage of the taxis circulating in London and Paris had been built by Renault. Renault also was the most sold foreign marque at New York in 1907 and 1908. In 1908 the company produced 3,575 units, becoming the largest car manufacturer in France.

1905-1910 Renault Taxi de la Marne Type AG

The brothers recognised the publicity that could be obtained for their vehicles by participation in motor racing and Renault made itself known through achieving instant success in the first city-to-city races held in Switzerland resulting in rapid expansion for the company. Both Louis and Marcel Renault raced company vehicles, but Marcel was killed in an accident during the 1903 Paris-Madrid race. Although Louis Renault never raced again, his company remained very involved, including Ferenc Szisz winning the first Grand Prix motor racing event in a Renault AK 90CV in 1906. Louis was to take full control of the company as the only remaining brother in 1906 when Fernand retired for health reasons. Fernand died in 1909 and Louis became the sole owner, renaming the company Société des Automobiles Renault (Renault Automobile Company).

1906 Renault Type AG Fiacre Paris

1905-renault-sv

1906 ACF GP louis-renault-paris

1906 Renault 1523

1906 renault nr.38

1906 Renault AK 90CV GP Car.

1906 renault Stanley Steamer

The Renault reputation for innovation was fostered from very early on. At the time, cars were very much luxury items, and the price of the smallest Renaults available being 3000 francs reflected this; an amount it would take ten years for the average worker at the time to earn. In 1905 the company introduced mass-production techniques, and Taylorism in 1913. As well as cars and taxis, Renault manufactured buses and commercial cargo vehicles in the pre-war years. The first real commercial truck from the company was introduced in 1906. During World War I, it branched out into ammunition, military airplanes and vehicles such as the revolutionary Renault FT tank. The company’s military designs were so successful that Renault himself was awarded the Legion of Honour for his company’s contributions to the war. The company also exported their engines overseas to American auto manufacturers for use in such automobiles as the GJG which used a Renault 26 hp or 40 hp four-cylinder engine.

1906-renault

1906 Renault

1906 renault type G2 18HP

1907 renault type gs

1907 RENAULT type XB

1907 Renault Vanderbilt Racer

1907 Renault-20-30CV lomo

1907 renault-landeau

1907 Renault-Taxi

1908 Renault AG

1908 Renault

1908-14 RENAULT AX FRANCA

1909 Renault 15-22 kw Limousine

1909 Renault AVA

1909 Renault AX 3-Seater

1909 Renault Type AI Torpedo

1909 Renault-Trucks

1910 de Louis RENAULT, une 25 CV type BM

1910 Renault 2 Melbourne Ambulance

1910 Renault Melbourne Ambulance

1910 Renault AG-Fiacre Paris

1910 renault ambulance edited

1910 Renault American Standard Touring Car

1910 Renault dealer Tokyo

1910 Renault Type AG 9 CV

1910 renault

1911 Modell G Touring blue vl

1911 Renault – Fourgon Type AX

1911 Renault Torpedo Type AX

1911 renault typeCG

1911-renault-ag-taxi

1912 Renault limo

1912-16 renault type fk

1913 Renault 11 Green Dark

1913 Renault Freres BW

1913 Renault kellner

1913 Renault Taxi de la Marne

1913 Renault Type DM Touring

1913 Renault

1914 Renault 35CV [Type ED]

1914 Renault Ambulance

1914 Renault DM Tourer

1914 Renault EG, 4×4

1914 renault STB

1914 Renault The ODDS and SODS

1914 Renault ЕЕ

1914 Renault ЕР

1914 renault

1915 Renault 4×4

1915 renault kimman-carrosserie

1915 renault mle Automitrailleuses

1915 Renault

1915 renault-Ad

1916 Renault Unic Torpedo 12 Cv

1916 Renault

1916-18 Renault FT light tanks, World War I

1917 Renault Type EU Open Drive

1917 Renault type FE torpedo

1918 Prachtige Feestelijke Renault Bus

1918 Renault GZ

1918 Renault-Maiden Erleigh-1 Ambulance

1918 Renault-Mgebrov-Armored-Car-Narva

next chapter

Part II Between the world wars (1919–1938)

PERL Auhof Austria

Ing Gustav Rudolf Perl From 1918 has been inserted advertising for Perl tractors in the Allgemeine Automobil Zeitung. The automotive factory Perl in Vienna Liesing had to peacetime production to points and initially produced a tractor with a four-cylinder 35-horsepower engine, which was cast in two blocks and was installed later in the Perl trucks.From 1921 electric tractors were built in Perl, it was hoped by many existing and under construction hydroelectric power plants on cheap charging current. The incipient Wirschaftsdepression was also in 1921 prompted a construction of a cyclecars. They decided to become a four-cylinder engine with 0.8 liter displacement. The AAZ reported on the Second Semmering race. “The Perl car was subjected for the first time a public testing and has proven shiny Perl factory has so far only on … more RS

	Perl BB – Built about 1925Ps / kW: 16/12, 898 cc, four-cylinder inline engine with spark ignition, empty weight: 910kg, max speed according to types-translucent 58km / h
Perl Champion 250 Ps / kW: 9/6.6, 1-cylinder two-stroke engine (Triumph), 248ccm, under license from the German Champion 250, empty weight: 260kg, Hüchstgeschwindigkeit: 65km / h, Construction period: 1951-1954, Quantity: 100
Perl Roadster Ps / kW: 20/14.7, 898 cc, four-cylinder inline engine with spark ignition, Built for Semmering hillclimb,	Year of construction 1924
Perl L6 6-cylinder in-line engine,	Perl L6 2 ton truck Quick Year 1929
	Links: Perl Auhof St 34 Prospectus dated Omnibus archive made ​​availableUnder Perl Auhof ST 42Perl Auhof construction on Steyr chassis group. empty weight: 5400kg, 26 seats, Year built 1952

Advertising in the Allgemeine Automobil Zeitung 1918

That was all I could find. When you have more material, please let me know so I can make this blog more interesting!

Buses Trucks Army Mannesmann-MULAG Aachen Germany

Mannesmann-MULAG

Mannesmann-MULAG L57 Baujahr 1913, 42 PS, 3,5 t

Mannesmann-MULAG L57a Baujahr 1913, 42 PS, 3,5 t (Exportversion für das Russische Reich)

Mannesman-MULAG Baujahr um 1919 in Tampere in Finnland (1921)

Die Mannesmann-MULAG AG (MULAG ist die Abkürzung von Motoren und Lastwagen AG) war ein deutsches Unternehmen mit Sitz in Aachen, dasAutomobile und Nutzfahrzeuge herstellte und dabei einige Innovationen herausbrachte. Im Jahre 1900 als Fritz Scheibler Motorenfabrik AG in Aachengegründet und 1909 nach einer Fusion mit der Maschinenbauanstalt Altenessen AG zur MULAG AG umfirmiert, gehörte sie ab 1913 zum Mannesmann-Konzern und hieß fortan Mannesmann-MULAG AG. Im Jahre 1928 wurden die Werksanlagen nach wirtschaftlichen Schwierigkeiten von Büssing übernommen.

1912 Mannesman Mulag Büssing

 Geschichte

Gründung

Die Firma wurde ursprünglich im Jahre 1900 von Fritz Scheibler (1845–1921) und seinem Sohn Kurt (* 1875) als Fritz Scheibler Motorenfabrik AG mit der Rechtsform einer Aktiengesellschaft in Aachen gegründet und beschäftigte sich mit der Herstellung und dem Vertrieb von Motoren, Motor-Lastwagen und Motor-Omnibussen. Seit 1875 besaß der Unternehmer und Ingenieur Fritz (Friedrich Jacob) Scheibler, Nachkomme aus der Monschauer Unternehmerfamilie Scheibler, bereits eine Maschinenfabrik an der Bachstraße in Aachen, die er aufgrund des Erfolges vergrößern und um einen neuen Geschäftszweig erweitern wollte.

1913 Mannesmann

Frühe Zeit

Im Jahre 1901 entstanden die ersten Lastkraftwagen und Omnibusse unter dem Markennamen Scheibler mit flüssiggekühltem 12 PS-Reihen–Vierzylinder–Ottomotor und Batteriezündung. Im Jahr 1902 wurden bereits größere 40 PS-Motoren und Zahnradgetriebe in die LKW eingebaut. Etwas später um 1904 begann auch die Herstellung von Automobilen, die sich jedoch von Anbeginn weniger gut als die Lastwagen verkauften.

1914 mannesmann mulag

Entwicklung bis 1914

Im Jahre 1905 musste die Firma Fritz Scheibler Motorenfabrik aufgrund wirtschaftlicher Schwierigkeiten einen Vergleich anmelden, sie wurde aber unter dem Namen Scheibler Automobil-Industrie GmbH neu gegründet. Der Personenkraftwagenbau wurde aufgrund zu geringer Verkaufszahlen bereits 1907 eingestellt. Der LKW Typ L 56 wurde ab 1907 für einige Jahre gebaut und hatte 6 Tonnen Nutzlast. Er konnte zwei Anhänger zu je 2 t Nutzlast ziehen, vorhanden waren Magnetzündung, Lederkonuskupplung, 4-Gang-Getriebe und ein Differential statt Kettenantrieb.

1915 Een Berlijnse touringcar merk Mannesmann-Mulag

Im Jahre 1908 fusionierte der Betrieb mit der Maschinenbauanstalt Altenessen AG, wobei die neue Firma ab 1909 Motoren und Lastwagen AG (MULAG) genannt wurde. Im Jahre 1913 fusionierte die weiter erfolgreiche MULAG (200 Beschäftigte) mit der Gebr. Mannesmann Automobilwerk AG zur Mannesmann-Mulag AG. In der Zeit vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg bis Herbst 1914 fertigte das Unternehmen bis zu 100 Lastwagen und Busse, wobei auch Frontlenker gebaut wurden, was für die Zeit noch außergewöhnlich war.

Erster Weltkrieg

Während des Ersten Weltkriegs wurde ein 3,5-Tonner-LKW für militärische Zwecke gebaut und an das Deutsche Heer geliefert, der auf einem Modell von 1913 mit 42-PS-Motor basierte. Daneben fertigte Mannesmann-MULAG einige Straßenpanzerwagen auf Basis dieser LKW sowie in Lizenz auch Flugmotoren und reparierte eine Vielzahl von Heeresfahrzeugen sowie Flugmotoren.

Auf der Gegenseite verwendete die Kaiserlich Russische Armee des Russischen Reiches an der Ostfront einige im eigenen Land zum Panzerwagen umgebaute vor dem Krieg gelieferte vormals zivile LKW von Mannesmann-MULAG, die zum Teil mit einem nach hinten feuernden Geschütz als Selbstfahrlafette eingesetzt wurden.

1920’s Mannesmann-Mulag, 9k bw old German photo

Auch in Porz-Westhoven entstand ein Werk mit einer eigenen Flugzeugabteilung, die sich hauptsächlich im Auftrag des Reichsmarineamtes um die Entwicklung eines ferngesteuertenLufttorpedos mit dem Decknamen Fledermaus kümmerte. Die Erprobung fand auf dem Truppenübungsgelände in der Wahner Heide statt. Im Jahre 1919 entdeckte eine britische Abteilung der Alliierten Kontrollkommission in den Mannesmann-MULAG-Hallen Bauteile des Poller Riesen (Mannesmann-Poll-Dreidecker), eines nicht mehr fertiggestellten Dreidecker–Riesenflugzeuges.

Zwischenkriegszeit

Notgeld der Firma Mannesmann-Mulag zu 5 Millionen Mark (Auflage 250 Stück)

Nach dem Krieg konnte das Unternehmen trotz der zunächst allgemein wirtschaftlich schwierigen Zeit mit verschiedenen LKW-Typen überleben, u.a. wurde 1921 ein Sattelschlepper mit einem 10-t-Nutzlast-Auflieger gebaut, was damals eine Innovation darstellte. Das Unternehmen überstand auch die Hyperinflation im Jahre 1923, wobei es in geringer Auflage auch eigenes Notgeld druckte und herausgab.

1925 Mannesmann Mulag

In jener schwierigen Zeit und Mannesmann-Mulag profitierte auch von zunehmendem Export ins (vor allem europäische) Ausland. Im Jahre 1925 wurde ein neuartiger Niederrahmen zum Bau von Lastwagen (LKW) als auch Omnibussen (KOM) herausgebracht, der wahlweise mit Links– oder Rechtssteuerung bestellt werden konnte und eine doppelte Magnet-Zündanlage, eine Heizung sowie Luftreifen hatte. Dieser LKW-Typ nahm im Jahre 1925 auch erfolgreich an der sogenannten Russlandfahrt teil, einer damals bekannten Zuverlässigkeitsprüfung.

Das Ende der Marke

War Mannesmann-MULAG bis 1926 noch ein profitabel arbeitendes Unternehmen, so wurden jedoch im Jahre 1927 erhebliche Verluste mit einem nicht ausgereiften Motor gemacht und viele Reklamationen waren die Folge. Die Familie Mannesmann verkaufte kurzentschlossen Immobilien und Maschinen sowie die Patente an die Büssing AG in Braunschweig, als die Mannesmann-Mulag AG letztlich kurz davor war Konkurs anmelden zu müssen.

1929 Mannesman-Mulag

Mit der Übernahme durch Büssing im Jahre 1928 wurde die LKW- und Bus-Fabrik zu einem Zulieferbetrieb von Büssing, wobei ähnlich wie schon bei der Übernahme von Komnick in Elbing(Ostpreußen) keine Konzernbildung stattfand, da Büssing wiederum nicht das Unternehmen mitsamt dem Markennamen übernahm.

1937 Mannesmann-Mulag

Die Marke Mannesmann-Mulag erlosch 1928 und wurde aus dem Handelsregister von Aachen gestrichen. Die von Büssing nicht übernommenen Mitarbeiter fanden schließlich bei den nahe gelegenen Ford-Werken in Köln neue Arbeit.

Mannesmann-Mulag

Mannesman-Mulag

Mannesman-Mulag Leyland

Mannesmann Mulag Aachen

Buses + more LATIL France

Latil

 

1912 tracteur Latil electr trolley

 

1912 Renard-Latil

1913 latil electrique

1913 Latil-TAR-essais

1913 tractor latil

1913-22 Trateur Latil + images

1914 Camion Latil Port Sainte Marie

1914 LATIL TAR

2014 Pre-WWI Latil truck Salon Niort 2012

A forest tractor made by Latil in 1937.

Latil truck used by the GermanWehrmacht in 1941.

Latil was a French automaker specializing in heavy duty vehicles, such as trucks, tractors and buses, from 1898 to 1955.

 History of the Compagnie Latil

In 1897, Auguste Joseph Frederic Georges Latil patented a system of “broken transmission”, allowing the steerable wheels to be also the driving wheels (front-wheel drive).

He exploited his idea through different companies :

• In 1898 La société Korn et Latil was founded by the engineer Georges Latil and the mechanic Alois Korn in Marseille. They invented a system that could easily replace the steering axle part of horse towed wagons by a fully motorised part.
• In 1903 the firm moved to Levallois-Perret, changed the name to “Avant-train Latil” and had great success transforming all kinds of horse powered wagons.
• 1908, Charles Blum joined the company. The company becomes “Compagnie Française de Mécanique et d’Automobile – Avant-Train Latil” and begins to build trucks of 3 tons loading capacity.

Latil TAR

After the World War I, Latil began to build tractors for agriculture and forest exploitation and trucks for civil engineering.In 1911, Latil designed and built its first four-wheel drive vehicle. This type of vehicle interested the French Army in 1913 for its ability to tow heavy artillery on every field and the TAR (Tracteur d’Artillerie Roulante) was built. The buyers of this vehicle could benefit from a 30 percent rebate in compensation for mobilization in case of war.

Merger

In 1955, Latil was merged with Somua and Renault’s truck and bus producing operations to form Saviem.

See also

• Amiot (car manufacturer)

References

External links

• http://www.autogallery.org.ru/glatil.htm
• http://www.avant-train-latil.com/
• http://www.patriotfiles.com/forum/showthread.php?t=109962

2014

1914 latil TH

1914 latil-m6-tl2-02

1914 Latil-TAR-18-soldats

1915

1915 Latil 261-03-300×144

1915 latil TAR cazes

1915 latil tar

1916 latil

1918 Latil

1920 camion Latil

1920 latil Frank

1923 Latil P3(via Snitsler & Co., ‘s-Gravenhage) – Geesink, Weesp A’dam

1924 latil TL

1924 Latil (via Snitsler & Co., ‘s-Gravenhage) – Pennock & CO., ‘s-Gravenhage busserie 5

1925 Latil Autobus – lijn Dinteloord Roosendaal © Piet Pietjouw

1925 Latil in Rotterdam om gekeurd te worden

1925 latil Vreewijk

1925 Latil Wijngaard vd L-7167

1925 Particuliere busonderneming Brugman & Kleinjan B&K, Latil-Quist, dienst Coolsingel-Riederlaan

1926 latil-tar-4-03

1926 latil autobus

1926 Latil B 1923-30 4×2 1,5t truck 10caphoto latil Bay Omar Facelli

1926 Latil brandweer

1927 latil autobus 14pl

1928 Latil Verheul Boskoop Nederland

1928 latil bus

1929 caravan-latil © Pascal Orsini

1929 LATIL AUTOCAR NL

1929 Latil Pompenburg Katendrecht

1934 latil-m14-a1-tl12ch-12

1935 latil

1935 latil 2 Bay Omar Facelli

1935 Latil 10 ca photo latil 1 Bay OmarFacelli

1935 latil 13

1935 Latil ad

1935 Latil all terrain tracteur M4TX 1

1935 latil B6

1935 Latil Baumstamm traktor

1935 latil M1B1 cote

1935 latil-tl-10-06

1935 Latil V3AB3, 1933-1938, 4×2 35- or 45-place bus

1935 latil-m2-b1 © Traveller Dave

1935 latil-m2-b1

1935 latil-m2-b1

1935 Latil s35 T 05

1936 bus Latil

1936 Latil 71

1936 latil autobus gazogene

1936 latil copy

1936 latil m18t2

1936 latil Tractor logo phpBB

1936 Latil VAA258 05Fi 01695 W 01

1936 Latil

1936 latilTL7-RR Railtruck

1937 Forest tractor Latil

1937 Latil 2

1937 Latil Brivin

1937 Latil carr Remorque Caravane M2 Bus

1937 latil LkwWH-842089OrtskommandaturNewel1 Y

1937 Latil M2TZ 6×6

1937 Latil m7tz 001

1937 latil streamline bus images

1937 Latil Streamline Hotel bus

1937 Latil tractor UK

1937 latil V3U6

1938 0701CM-Latil

1938 LATIL BUS

1938 latil M2TZ

1938 Latil tracteur UK

1938 Latil Truck

1939 h-fourgon-latil

1939 Latil Jeep images

1939 Latil M7Z1, 1939-1940, 6×6 tractor, 31k b-w photo

1941 Latil truck used by the German Wehrmacht

1942 Lettre-LATIL-Camion-BUS-CAR

1944 latil-m7t1

1948 Somua(Latil)

1949 Latil

1949 Van Hool Latil

1950 Latil 6×6 Pompiers Aeroport de Paris

1950 latil truck

1951 latil

Cést Tous- Finis